Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies

Abstract Biochar application can influence soil nitrogen (N) cycle through biological and abiotic processes. However, studies on comprehensive examination of the effects of biochar application on microbially mediated N‐cycling processes (N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and fixation...

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Autores principales:	Leiyi Zhang, Yiming Jing, Chengrong Chen, Yangzhou Xiang, Mehran Rezaei Rashti, Yantao Li, Qi Deng, Renduo Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	biochar functional genes meta‐analysis soil enzyme activities soil N cycle Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade HD9502-9502.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fdb62ebca0f249d4a226f164a920c795
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fdb62ebca0f249d4a226f164a920c7952021-11-09T02:26:56ZEffects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies1757-17071757-169310.1111/gcbb.12898https://doaj.org/article/fdb62ebca0f249d4a226f164a920c7952021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12898https://doaj.org/toc/1757-1693https://doaj.org/toc/1757-1707Abstract Biochar application can influence soil nitrogen (N) cycle through biological and abiotic processes. However, studies on comprehensive examination of the effects of biochar application on microbially mediated N‐cycling processes (N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and fixation) and soil N fate (i.e., plant N uptake, soil N2O emission, and N leaching) are warranted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of biochar application on soil N transformation, microbial functional gene abundance, enzyme activity, and plant N uptake. To achieve the objective of this study, a meta‐analysis involving 131 peer‐reviewed field experiments was conducted. Results showed that field application of biochar significantly enhanced soil NH4+ and NO3‐ content, N mineralization, nitrification, N2 fixation, and plant N uptake by 5.3%, 3.7%, 15.3%, 48.5%, 14.7%, and 18.3%, respectively, but reduced N2O emissions and N leaching by 14.9% and 10.9%, respectively. Biochar application also increased the abundance of soil denitrifying/nitrifying genes (amoA, narG, nirS/nirK+S, and nosZ), proportion of N2 fixation bacteria, and N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase activity by 18.6%–87.6%. Soil NO3‐ content was positively correlated with AOA‐amoA abundance, and soil N2O emission was positively correlated with the relative abundance of genes (e.g., amoA, narG, and nirS/nirK) involved in N2O production. Furthermore, long‐term biochar application tended to increase AOB‐amoA and nirK+S abundance, especially soil N2O emission and N leaching. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that biochar application accelerated microbially mediated N‐cycling processes under field conditions, thereby enhancing soil N availability and plant productivity. However, long‐term biochar application may increase N losses. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to examine the effect of long‐term biochar application on the soil N cycle and the underlying microbial mechanisms.Leiyi ZhangYiming JingChengrong ChenYangzhou XiangMehran Rezaei RashtiYantao LiQi DengRenduo ZhangWileyarticlebiocharfunctional genesmeta‐analysissoil enzyme activitiessoil N cycleRenewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel tradeHD9502-9502.5ENGCB Bioenergy, Vol 13, Iss 12, Pp 1859-1873 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biochar functional genes meta‐analysis soil enzyme activities soil N cycle Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade HD9502-9502.5
spellingShingle	biochar functional genes meta‐analysis soil enzyme activities soil N cycle Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade HD9502-9502.5 Leiyi Zhang Yiming Jing Chengrong Chen Yangzhou Xiang Mehran Rezaei Rashti Yantao Li Qi Deng Renduo Zhang Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
description	Abstract Biochar application can influence soil nitrogen (N) cycle through biological and abiotic processes. However, studies on comprehensive examination of the effects of biochar application on microbially mediated N‐cycling processes (N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and fixation) and soil N fate (i.e., plant N uptake, soil N2O emission, and N leaching) are warranted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of biochar application on soil N transformation, microbial functional gene abundance, enzyme activity, and plant N uptake. To achieve the objective of this study, a meta‐analysis involving 131 peer‐reviewed field experiments was conducted. Results showed that field application of biochar significantly enhanced soil NH4+ and NO3‐ content, N mineralization, nitrification, N2 fixation, and plant N uptake by 5.3%, 3.7%, 15.3%, 48.5%, 14.7%, and 18.3%, respectively, but reduced N2O emissions and N leaching by 14.9% and 10.9%, respectively. Biochar application also increased the abundance of soil denitrifying/nitrifying genes (amoA, narG, nirS/nirK+S, and nosZ), proportion of N2 fixation bacteria, and N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase activity by 18.6%–87.6%. Soil NO3‐ content was positively correlated with AOA‐amoA abundance, and soil N2O emission was positively correlated with the relative abundance of genes (e.g., amoA, narG, and nirS/nirK) involved in N2O production. Furthermore, long‐term biochar application tended to increase AOB‐amoA and nirK+S abundance, especially soil N2O emission and N leaching. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that biochar application accelerated microbially mediated N‐cycling processes under field conditions, thereby enhancing soil N availability and plant productivity. However, long‐term biochar application may increase N losses. Therefore, future studies should be conducted to examine the effect of long‐term biochar application on the soil N cycle and the underlying microbial mechanisms.
format	article
author	Leiyi Zhang Yiming Jing Chengrong Chen Yangzhou Xiang Mehran Rezaei Rashti Yantao Li Qi Deng Renduo Zhang
author_facet	Leiyi Zhang Yiming Jing Chengrong Chen Yangzhou Xiang Mehran Rezaei Rashti Yantao Li Qi Deng Renduo Zhang
author_sort	Leiyi Zhang
title	Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
title_short	Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
title_full	Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
title_fullStr	Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies
title_sort	effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: a meta‐analysis of field studies
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fdb62ebca0f249d4a226f164a920c795
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Effects of biochar application on soil nitrogen transformation, microbial functional genes, enzyme activity, and plant nitrogen uptake: A meta‐analysis of field studies

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