Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis

We analyze a panel of 147 countries over a 21-year period. We used the Generalized Method of Moments First Differences panel estimation method and found that there is a statistically significant positive association between terrestrial protected areas and protected species. There is strong evidence...

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Autores principales:	Davor Mance, Katarina Krunić, Diana Mance
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	protected species protected areas common goods environmental Kuznets curve human development efficient nitrogen usage Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fdd0c5a32337406e8693083ee2e5ffdf
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fdd0c5a32337406e8693083ee2e5ffdf2021-11-11T19:38:38ZProtecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis10.3390/su1321119702071-1050https://doaj.org/article/fdd0c5a32337406e8693083ee2e5ffdf2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11970https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050We analyze a panel of 147 countries over a 21-year period. We used the Generalized Method of Moments First Differences panel estimation method and found that there is a statistically significant positive association between terrestrial protected areas and protected species. There is strong evidence of a positive statistical relationship between the Human Development Index and protected species under the condition of efficient nitrogen use as an instrumental variable. We support the revision of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis by claiming that in the 21st century it need not be strictly U-shaped, but that a rise in environmental protection measures is present across the board. The final contribution of the paper is the idea that protecting the habitat of endangered species is commensurate with increasing human welfare through income, health and education.Davor ManceKatarina KrunićDiana ManceMDPI AGarticleprotected speciesprotected areascommon goodsenvironmental Kuznets curvehuman developmentefficient nitrogen usageEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11970, p 11970 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	protected species protected areas common goods environmental Kuznets curve human development efficient nitrogen usage Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	protected species protected areas common goods environmental Kuznets curve human development efficient nitrogen usage Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Davor Mance Katarina Krunić Diana Mance Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis
description	We analyze a panel of 147 countries over a 21-year period. We used the Generalized Method of Moments First Differences panel estimation method and found that there is a statistically significant positive association between terrestrial protected areas and protected species. There is strong evidence of a positive statistical relationship between the Human Development Index and protected species under the condition of efficient nitrogen use as an instrumental variable. We support the revision of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis by claiming that in the 21st century it need not be strictly U-shaped, but that a rise in environmental protection measures is present across the board. The final contribution of the paper is the idea that protecting the habitat of endangered species is commensurate with increasing human welfare through income, health and education.
format	article
author	Davor Mance Katarina Krunić Diana Mance
author_facet	Davor Mance Katarina Krunić Diana Mance
author_sort	Davor Mance
title	Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis
title_short	Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis
title_full	Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis
title_fullStr	Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis
title_sort	protecting species by promoting protected areas and human development—a panel analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fdd0c5a32337406e8693083ee2e5ffdf
work_keys_str_mv	AT davormance protectingspeciesbypromotingprotectedareasandhumandevelopmentapanelanalysis AT katarinakrunic protectingspeciesbypromotingprotectedareasandhumandevelopmentapanelanalysis AT dianamance protectingspeciesbypromotingprotectedareasandhumandevelopmentapanelanalysis
_version_	1718431505947033600

Protecting Species by Promoting Protected Areas and Human Development—A Panel Analysis

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