Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco

Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk marker, and smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is unclear if the effect of smoked tobacco on homocysteine is mediated by nicotine or other combustion products in smoked tobacco. Snus (moist smokeless tobacco) is high nicoti...

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Autores principales:	Elisabet Söderström, Torbjörn K. Nilsson, Jörn Schneede, Per-Magne Ueland, Øivind Midttun, Björn Gylling, Ingegerd Johansson, Johan Hultdin
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	cotinine nicotine homocysteine tobacco Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fde4ce8da4024397ab74641c0acb9258
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fde4ce8da4024397ab74641c0acb92582021-11-11T16:29:38ZPlasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco10.3390/ijerph1821113651660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/fde4ce8da4024397ab74641c0acb92582021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11365https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk marker, and smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is unclear if the effect of smoked tobacco on homocysteine is mediated by nicotine or other combustion products in smoked tobacco. Snus (moist smokeless tobacco) is high nicotine-containing tobacco, and little is known about the effect of snus on plasma homocysteine. Therefore, we studied, in a cross-section of subjects (n = 1375) from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, with strictly defined current smokers (n = 194) and snus users (n = 47), the impact of tobacco exposure on tHcy, assessed by self-reported tobacco habits and plasma cotinine concentrations. The snus users had higher cotinine concentrations than the smokers. Cotinine, creatinine, methylmalonic acid, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype (<i>MTHFR</i>) T allele were positively associated with tHcy among the smokers, but not among the snus users. No association was observed between tHcy and the number of cigarettes/day. There was a positive association between cotinine and tHcy in the smokers, but not among the snus users. This indicates that substances other than nicotine in tobacco smoke could be responsible for the differential effects on homocysteine status. Self-reported smoking should be complemented by a cotinine assay whenever possible.Elisabet SöderströmTorbjörn K. NilssonJörn SchneedePer-Magne UelandØivind MidttunBjörn GyllingIngegerd JohanssonJohan HultdinMDPI AGarticlecotininenicotinehomocysteinetobaccoMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11365, p 11365 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cotinine nicotine homocysteine tobacco Medicine R
spellingShingle	cotinine nicotine homocysteine tobacco Medicine R Elisabet Söderström Torbjörn K. Nilsson Jörn Schneede Per-Magne Ueland Øivind Midttun Björn Gylling Ingegerd Johansson Johan Hultdin Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco
description	Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is a risk marker, and smoking is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. It is unclear if the effect of smoked tobacco on homocysteine is mediated by nicotine or other combustion products in smoked tobacco. Snus (moist smokeless tobacco) is high nicotine-containing tobacco, and little is known about the effect of snus on plasma homocysteine. Therefore, we studied, in a cross-section of subjects (n = 1375) from the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study, with strictly defined current smokers (n = 194) and snus users (n = 47), the impact of tobacco exposure on tHcy, assessed by self-reported tobacco habits and plasma cotinine concentrations. The snus users had higher cotinine concentrations than the smokers. Cotinine, creatinine, methylmalonic acid, and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype (<i>MTHFR</i>) T allele were positively associated with tHcy among the smokers, but not among the snus users. No association was observed between tHcy and the number of cigarettes/day. There was a positive association between cotinine and tHcy in the smokers, but not among the snus users. This indicates that substances other than nicotine in tobacco smoke could be responsible for the differential effects on homocysteine status. Self-reported smoking should be complemented by a cotinine assay whenever possible.
format	article
author	Elisabet Söderström Torbjörn K. Nilsson Jörn Schneede Per-Magne Ueland Øivind Midttun Björn Gylling Ingegerd Johansson Johan Hultdin
author_facet	Elisabet Söderström Torbjörn K. Nilsson Jörn Schneede Per-Magne Ueland Øivind Midttun Björn Gylling Ingegerd Johansson Johan Hultdin
author_sort	Elisabet Söderström
title	Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco
title_short	Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco
title_full	Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco
title_fullStr	Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco
title_full_unstemmed	Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco
title_sort	plasma cotinine is positively associated with homocysteine in smokers but not in users of smokeless tobacco
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fde4ce8da4024397ab74641c0acb9258
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Plasma Cotinine Is Positively Associated with Homocysteine in Smokers but Not in Users of Smokeless Tobacco

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