Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential

ABSTRACT Bacterial ribosomes frequently translate to the 3′ end of an mRNA without terminating at a stop codon. Almost all bacteria use the transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)-based trans-translation pathway to release these “nonstop” ribosomes and maintain protein synthesis capacity. trans-translation i...

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Autores principales:	Heather A. Feaga, Patrick H. Viollier, Kenneth C. Keiler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2014
Materias:	Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe1580f287ca4df3820ac24585f70590
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe1580f287ca4df3820ac24585f705902021-11-15T15:47:03ZRelease of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential10.1128/mBio.01916-142150-7511https://doaj.org/article/fe1580f287ca4df3820ac24585f705902014-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01916-14https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Bacterial ribosomes frequently translate to the 3′ end of an mRNA without terminating at a stop codon. Almost all bacteria use the transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)-based trans-translation pathway to release these “nonstop” ribosomes and maintain protein synthesis capacity. trans-translation is essential in some species, but in others, such as Caulobacter crescentus, trans-translation can be inactivated. To determine why trans-translation is dispensable in C. crescentus, a Tn-seq screen was used to identify genes that specifically alter growth in cells lacking ssrA, the gene encoding tmRNA. One of these genes, CC1214, was essential in ΔssrA cells. Purified CC1214 protein could release nonstop ribosomes in vitro. CC1214 is a homolog of the Escherichia coli ArfB protein, and using the CC1214 sequence, ArfB homologs were identified in the majority of bacterial phyla. Most species in which ssrA has been deleted contain an ArfB homolog, suggesting that release of nonstop ribosomes may be essential in most or all bacteria. IMPORTANCE Genes that are conserved across large phylogenetic distances are expected to confer a selective advantage. The genes required for trans-translation, ssrA and smpB, have been found in >99% of sequenced bacterial genomes, suggesting that they are broadly important. However, these genes can be deleted in some species without loss of viability. The identification and characterization of C. crescentus ArfB reveals why trans-translation is not essential in C. crescentus and suggests that many other bacteria are likely to use ArfB to survive when trans-translation is compromised.Heather A. FeagaPatrick H. ViollierKenneth C. KeilerAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 5, Iss 6 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Microbiology QR1-502 Heather A. Feaga Patrick H. Viollier Kenneth C. Keiler Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential
description	ABSTRACT Bacterial ribosomes frequently translate to the 3′ end of an mRNA without terminating at a stop codon. Almost all bacteria use the transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA)-based trans-translation pathway to release these “nonstop” ribosomes and maintain protein synthesis capacity. trans-translation is essential in some species, but in others, such as Caulobacter crescentus, trans-translation can be inactivated. To determine why trans-translation is dispensable in C. crescentus, a Tn-seq screen was used to identify genes that specifically alter growth in cells lacking ssrA, the gene encoding tmRNA. One of these genes, CC1214, was essential in ΔssrA cells. Purified CC1214 protein could release nonstop ribosomes in vitro. CC1214 is a homolog of the Escherichia coli ArfB protein, and using the CC1214 sequence, ArfB homologs were identified in the majority of bacterial phyla. Most species in which ssrA has been deleted contain an ArfB homolog, suggesting that release of nonstop ribosomes may be essential in most or all bacteria. IMPORTANCE Genes that are conserved across large phylogenetic distances are expected to confer a selective advantage. The genes required for trans-translation, ssrA and smpB, have been found in >99% of sequenced bacterial genomes, suggesting that they are broadly important. However, these genes can be deleted in some species without loss of viability. The identification and characterization of C. crescentus ArfB reveals why trans-translation is not essential in C. crescentus and suggests that many other bacteria are likely to use ArfB to survive when trans-translation is compromised.
format	article
author	Heather A. Feaga Patrick H. Viollier Kenneth C. Keiler
author_facet	Heather A. Feaga Patrick H. Viollier Kenneth C. Keiler
author_sort	Heather A. Feaga
title	Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential
title_short	Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential
title_full	Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential
title_fullStr	Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential
title_full_unstemmed	Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential
title_sort	release of nonstop ribosomes is essential
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe1580f287ca4df3820ac24585f70590
work_keys_str_mv	AT heatherafeaga releaseofnonstopribosomesisessential AT patrickhviollier releaseofnonstopribosomesisessential AT kennethckeiler releaseofnonstopribosomesisessential
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Release of Nonstop Ribosomes Is Essential

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