Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense

Abstract Background Liriodendron chinense is a distinctive ornamental tree species due to its unique leaves and tulip-like flowers. The discovery of genes involved in leaf development and morphogenesis is critical for uncovering the underlying genetic basis of these traits. Genes in the AP2/ERF fami...

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Autores principales:	Yaxian Zong, Ziyuan Hao, Zhonghua Tu, Yufang Shen, Chengge Zhang, Shaoying Wen, Lichun Yang, Jikai Ma, Huogen Li
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Liriodendron chinense AP2/ERF family Transcription factors Shoot-specific Leaf development Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe1e73713cb84306a0f1cb50fa7cba63
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe1e73713cb84306a0f1cb50fa7cba632021-11-14T12:26:53ZGenome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense10.1186/s12864-021-08119-71471-2164https://doaj.org/article/fe1e73713cb84306a0f1cb50fa7cba632021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08119-7https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164Abstract Background Liriodendron chinense is a distinctive ornamental tree species due to its unique leaves and tulip-like flowers. The discovery of genes involved in leaf development and morphogenesis is critical for uncovering the underlying genetic basis of these traits. Genes in the AP2/ERF family are recognized as plant-specific transcription factors that contribute to plant growth, hormone-induced development, ethylene response factors, and stress responses. Results In this study, we identified 104 putative AP2/ERF genes in the recently released L. chinense genome and transcriptome database. In addition, all 104 genes were grouped into four subfamilies, the AP2, ERF, RAV, and Soloist subfamilies. This classification was further supported by the results of gene structure and conserved motif analyses. Intriguingly, after application of a series test of cluster analysis, three AP2 genes, LcERF 94, LcERF 96, and LcERF 98, were identified as tissue-specific in buds based on the expression profiles of various tissues. These results were further validated via RT-qPCR assays and were highly consistent with the STC analysis. We further investigated the dynamic changes of immature leaves by dissecting fresh shoots into seven discontinuous periods, which were empirically identified as shoot apical meristem (SAM), leaf primordia and tender leaf developmental stages according to the anatomic structure. Subsequently, these three candidates were highly expressed in SAM and leaf primordia but rarely in tender leaves, indicating that they were mainly involved in early leaf development and morphogenesis. Moreover, these three genes displayed nuclear subcellular localizations through the transient transformation of tobacco epidermal cells. Conclusions Overall, we identified 104 AP2/ERF family members at the genome-wide level and discerned three candidate genes that might participate in the development and morphogenesis of the leaf primordium in L. chinense.Yaxian ZongZiyuan HaoZhonghua TuYufang ShenChengge ZhangShaoying WenLichun YangJikai MaHuogen LiBMCarticleLiriodendron chinenseAP2/ERF familyTranscription factorsShoot-specificLeaf developmentBiotechnologyTP248.13-248.65GeneticsQH426-470ENBMC Genomics, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Liriodendron chinense AP2/ERF family Transcription factors Shoot-specific Leaf development Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Liriodendron chinense AP2/ERF family Transcription factors Shoot-specific Leaf development Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 Yaxian Zong Ziyuan Hao Zhonghua Tu Yufang Shen Chengge Zhang Shaoying Wen Lichun Yang Jikai Ma Huogen Li Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense
description	Abstract Background Liriodendron chinense is a distinctive ornamental tree species due to its unique leaves and tulip-like flowers. The discovery of genes involved in leaf development and morphogenesis is critical for uncovering the underlying genetic basis of these traits. Genes in the AP2/ERF family are recognized as plant-specific transcription factors that contribute to plant growth, hormone-induced development, ethylene response factors, and stress responses. Results In this study, we identified 104 putative AP2/ERF genes in the recently released L. chinense genome and transcriptome database. In addition, all 104 genes were grouped into four subfamilies, the AP2, ERF, RAV, and Soloist subfamilies. This classification was further supported by the results of gene structure and conserved motif analyses. Intriguingly, after application of a series test of cluster analysis, three AP2 genes, LcERF 94, LcERF 96, and LcERF 98, were identified as tissue-specific in buds based on the expression profiles of various tissues. These results were further validated via RT-qPCR assays and were highly consistent with the STC analysis. We further investigated the dynamic changes of immature leaves by dissecting fresh shoots into seven discontinuous periods, which were empirically identified as shoot apical meristem (SAM), leaf primordia and tender leaf developmental stages according to the anatomic structure. Subsequently, these three candidates were highly expressed in SAM and leaf primordia but rarely in tender leaves, indicating that they were mainly involved in early leaf development and morphogenesis. Moreover, these three genes displayed nuclear subcellular localizations through the transient transformation of tobacco epidermal cells. Conclusions Overall, we identified 104 AP2/ERF family members at the genome-wide level and discerned three candidate genes that might participate in the development and morphogenesis of the leaf primordium in L. chinense.
format	article
author	Yaxian Zong Ziyuan Hao Zhonghua Tu Yufang Shen Chengge Zhang Shaoying Wen Lichun Yang Jikai Ma Huogen Li
author_facet	Yaxian Zong Ziyuan Hao Zhonghua Tu Yufang Shen Chengge Zhang Shaoying Wen Lichun Yang Jikai Ma Huogen Li
author_sort	Yaxian Zong
title	Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense
title_short	Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense
title_full	Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense
title_fullStr	Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense
title_full_unstemmed	Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense
title_sort	genome-wide survey and identification of ap2/erf genes involved in shoot and leaf development in liriodendron chinense
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe1e73713cb84306a0f1cb50fa7cba63
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Genome-wide survey and identification of AP2/ERF genes involved in shoot and leaf development in Liriodendron chinense

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