Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure

There is evidence that a natural control system influences global atmospheric surface temperature (Leggett and Ball ). The present paper sets up and tests a hypothesis concerning the physical makeup of the sequential elements of the control system and its outcomes. The final outcome that the control...

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Autores principales:	L. Mark W. Leggett, David A. Ball
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	global surface temperature control system granger causality time series analysis empirical Oceanography GC1-1581 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe32fdc5a5f14147b653cde038fc08d3
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:fe32fdc5a5f14147b653cde038fc08d3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe32fdc5a5f14147b653cde038fc08d32021-12-01T14:40:58ZEmpirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure1600-087010.1080/16000870.2021.1926123https://doaj.org/article/fe32fdc5a5f14147b653cde038fc08d32021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2021.1926123https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870There is evidence that a natural control system influences global atmospheric surface temperature (Leggett and Ball ). The present paper sets up and tests a hypothesis concerning the physical makeup of the sequential elements of the control system and its outcomes. The final outcome that the control system influences is defined as global atmospheric surface temperature. The terms used for the control system element types in the hypothesis are, in sequence: leading element, controller and actuator. Actuators are hypothesised to affect, in turn, the final outcome – either directly, or via penultimate outcomes. The existence of the control system is evidenced by demonstration of statistically significant one-way Granger causality across each step of the hypothesised control system sequence. Evidence is presented that the leading element of the control system, represented by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, is the global biosphere. The biosphere as a control system has previously been referred to as Gaia (Lovelock and Margulis ). A fourth, second-derivative, term is found to enhance the Proportional, Integral and Derivative process terms of the control system shown in Leggett and Ball (). The main actuators of the control system found are shown to be wind speed and cloud cover. Cloud cover is shown to influence the final outcome, global surface temperature, directly. It and wind speed also influence the penultimate outcomes found, those of enhanced ocean heat uptake and enhanced outgoing longwave radiation. These together lead to control system output to the final outcome, global atmospheric temperature. Overall, evidence for the activity of the control system is shown to be present across many major physical dimensions of the Earth’s atmosphere.L. Mark W. LeggettDavid A. BallTaylor & Francis Grouparticleglobal surface temperaturecontrol systemgranger causality time series analysisempiricalOceanographyGC1-1581Meteorology. ClimatologyQC851-999ENTellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, Vol 73, Iss 1, Pp 1-24 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	global surface temperature control system granger causality time series analysis empirical Oceanography GC1-1581 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999
spellingShingle	global surface temperature control system granger causality time series analysis empirical Oceanography GC1-1581 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 L. Mark W. Leggett David A. Ball Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
description	There is evidence that a natural control system influences global atmospheric surface temperature (Leggett and Ball ). The present paper sets up and tests a hypothesis concerning the physical makeup of the sequential elements of the control system and its outcomes. The final outcome that the control system influences is defined as global atmospheric surface temperature. The terms used for the control system element types in the hypothesis are, in sequence: leading element, controller and actuator. Actuators are hypothesised to affect, in turn, the final outcome – either directly, or via penultimate outcomes. The existence of the control system is evidenced by demonstration of statistically significant one-way Granger causality across each step of the hypothesised control system sequence. Evidence is presented that the leading element of the control system, represented by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, is the global biosphere. The biosphere as a control system has previously been referred to as Gaia (Lovelock and Margulis ). A fourth, second-derivative, term is found to enhance the Proportional, Integral and Derivative process terms of the control system shown in Leggett and Ball (). The main actuators of the control system found are shown to be wind speed and cloud cover. Cloud cover is shown to influence the final outcome, global surface temperature, directly. It and wind speed also influence the penultimate outcomes found, those of enhanced ocean heat uptake and enhanced outgoing longwave radiation. These together lead to control system output to the final outcome, global atmospheric temperature. Overall, evidence for the activity of the control system is shown to be present across many major physical dimensions of the Earth’s atmosphere.
format	article
author	L. Mark W. Leggett David A. Ball
author_facet	L. Mark W. Leggett David A. Ball
author_sort	L. Mark W. Leggett
title	Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
title_short	Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
title_full	Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
title_fullStr	Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
title_full_unstemmed	Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
title_sort	empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe32fdc5a5f14147b653cde038fc08d3
work_keys_str_mv	AT lmarkwleggett empiricalevidenceforaglobalatmospherictemperaturecontrolsystemphysicalstructure AT davidaball empiricalevidenceforaglobalatmospherictemperaturecontrolsystemphysicalstructure
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Empirical evidence for a global atmospheric temperature control system: physical structure

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