<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance

ABSTRACT Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a global public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Characterization of S. Typhi genomes for AMR and the evolution of different lineages, especially in countries where typhoid fever is endemic such a...

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Autores principales:	Arif M. Tanmoy, Emilie Westeel, Katrien De Bruyne, Johan Goris, Alain Rajoharison, Mohammad S. I. Sajib, Alex van Belkum, Samir K. Saha, Florence Komurian-Pradel, Hubert P. Endtz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2018
Materias:	Bangladesh Salmonella Typhi antibiotic resistance genomics Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe3edb8be4cb418f9ac2858ac7dfedb8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe3edb8be4cb418f9ac2858ac7dfedb82021-11-15T15:52:20Z<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance10.1128/mBio.02112-182150-7511https://doaj.org/article/fe3edb8be4cb418f9ac2858ac7dfedb82018-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.02112-18https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a global public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Characterization of S. Typhi genomes for AMR and the evolution of different lineages, especially in countries where typhoid fever is endemic such as Bangladesh, will help public health professionals to better design and implement appropriate preventive measures. We studied whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 536 S. Typhi isolates collected in Bangladesh during 1999 to 2013 and compared those sequences with data from a recent outbreak in Pakistan reported previously by E. J. Klemm, S. Shakoor, A. J. Page, F. N. Qamar, et al. (mBio 9:e00105-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00105-18), and a laboratory surveillance in Nepal reported previously by C. D. Britto, Z. A. Dyson, S. Duchene, M. J. Carter, et al. [PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 12(4):e0006408, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006408]. WGS had high sensitivity and specificity for prediction of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone AMR phenotypes but needs further improvement for prediction of ciprofloxacin resistance. We detected a new local lineage of genotype 4.3.1 (named lineage Bd) which recently diverged into a sublineage (named Bdq) containing qnr genes associated with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. We found a ceftriaxone-resistant isolate with the blaCTX-M-15 gene and a genotype distinct from the genotypes of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates from Pakistan. This result suggests a different source and geographical origin of AMR. Genotype 4.3.1 was dominant in all three countries but formed country-specific clusters in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. Thus, multiple independent genetic events leading to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance took place in these neighboring regions of Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. These independent mutational events may enhance the risk of global spread of these highly resistant clones. A short-term global intervention plan is urgently needed. IMPORTANCE Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is responsible for an estimated burden of approximately 17 million new episodes per year worldwide. Adequate and timely antimicrobial treatment invariably cures typhoid fever. The increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. Typhi severely limits the treatment options. We studied whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 536 S. Typhi isolates collected in Bangladesh between 1999 and 2013 and compared those sequences with data from a recent outbreak in Pakistan and a laboratory surveillance in Nepal. The analysis suggests that multiple ancestral origins of resistance against ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone are present in three countries. Such independent genetic events and subsequent dissemination could enhance the risk of a rapid global spread of these highly resistant clones. Given the current treatment challenges, vaccination seems to be the most appropriate short-term intervention to reduce the disease burden of typhoid fever at a time of increasing AMR.Arif M. TanmoyEmilie WesteelKatrien De BruyneJohan GorisAlain RajoharisonMohammad S. I. SajibAlex van BelkumSamir K. SahaFlorence Komurian-PradelHubert P. EndtzAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleBangladeshSalmonella Typhiantibiotic resistancegenomicsMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 9, Iss 6 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bangladesh Salmonella Typhi antibiotic resistance genomics Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Bangladesh Salmonella Typhi antibiotic resistance genomics Microbiology QR1-502 Arif M. Tanmoy Emilie Westeel Katrien De Bruyne Johan Goris Alain Rajoharison Mohammad S. I. Sajib Alex van Belkum Samir K. Saha Florence Komurian-Pradel Hubert P. Endtz <italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance
description	ABSTRACT Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a global public health concern due to increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Characterization of S. Typhi genomes for AMR and the evolution of different lineages, especially in countries where typhoid fever is endemic such as Bangladesh, will help public health professionals to better design and implement appropriate preventive measures. We studied whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 536 S. Typhi isolates collected in Bangladesh during 1999 to 2013 and compared those sequences with data from a recent outbreak in Pakistan reported previously by E. J. Klemm, S. Shakoor, A. J. Page, F. N. Qamar, et al. (mBio 9:e00105-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00105-18), and a laboratory surveillance in Nepal reported previously by C. D. Britto, Z. A. Dyson, S. Duchene, M. J. Carter, et al. [PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 12(4):e0006408, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006408]. WGS had high sensitivity and specificity for prediction of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, and ceftriaxone AMR phenotypes but needs further improvement for prediction of ciprofloxacin resistance. We detected a new local lineage of genotype 4.3.1 (named lineage Bd) which recently diverged into a sublineage (named Bdq) containing qnr genes associated with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance. We found a ceftriaxone-resistant isolate with the blaCTX-M-15 gene and a genotype distinct from the genotypes of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates from Pakistan. This result suggests a different source and geographical origin of AMR. Genotype 4.3.1 was dominant in all three countries but formed country-specific clusters in the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree. Thus, multiple independent genetic events leading to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance took place in these neighboring regions of Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. These independent mutational events may enhance the risk of global spread of these highly resistant clones. A short-term global intervention plan is urgently needed. IMPORTANCE Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is responsible for an estimated burden of approximately 17 million new episodes per year worldwide. Adequate and timely antimicrobial treatment invariably cures typhoid fever. The increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of S. Typhi severely limits the treatment options. We studied whole-genome sequences (WGS) of 536 S. Typhi isolates collected in Bangladesh between 1999 and 2013 and compared those sequences with data from a recent outbreak in Pakistan and a laboratory surveillance in Nepal. The analysis suggests that multiple ancestral origins of resistance against ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone are present in three countries. Such independent genetic events and subsequent dissemination could enhance the risk of a rapid global spread of these highly resistant clones. Given the current treatment challenges, vaccination seems to be the most appropriate short-term intervention to reduce the disease burden of typhoid fever at a time of increasing AMR.
format	article
author	Arif M. Tanmoy Emilie Westeel Katrien De Bruyne Johan Goris Alain Rajoharison Mohammad S. I. Sajib Alex van Belkum Samir K. Saha Florence Komurian-Pradel Hubert P. Endtz
author_facet	Arif M. Tanmoy Emilie Westeel Katrien De Bruyne Johan Goris Alain Rajoharison Mohammad S. I. Sajib Alex van Belkum Samir K. Saha Florence Komurian-Pradel Hubert P. Endtz
author_sort	Arif M. Tanmoy
title	<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance
title_short	<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance
title_full	<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance
title_fullStr	<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance
title_full_unstemmed	<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance
title_sort	<italic toggle="yes">salmonella enterica</italic> serovar typhi in bangladesh: exploration of genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe3edb8be4cb418f9ac2858ac7dfedb8
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<italic toggle="yes">Salmonella enterica</italic> Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance

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