Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level

Abstract Plastic pollution is one of the leading environmental problems. Phthalates are widely used plastic additives released into the environment. Although the effects of phthalates on vertebrates have been extensively studied, there is a knowledge gap regarding their effects on invertebrates. Thi...

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Autores principales:	Marina Prieto-Amador, Patricia Caballero, José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe57efaf63054ce69c81d2f1ddecc0f2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe57efaf63054ce69c81d2f1ddecc0f22021-12-02T15:57:21ZAnalysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level10.1038/s41598-021-90934-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/fe57efaf63054ce69c81d2f1ddecc0f22021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90934-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Plastic pollution is one of the leading environmental problems. Phthalates are widely used plastic additives released into the environment. Although the effects of phthalates on vertebrates have been extensively studied, there is a knowledge gap regarding their effects on invertebrates. This work analyzes the impact of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on the gastropod Physella acuta at the molecular level to establish the putative pathways involved in its response to them. By real-time PCR, we obtained the expression profile of 30 genes in animals exposed for 1 week to 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg/L of each phthalate. The genes cover DNA repair, detoxification, apoptosis, oxidative and stress responses, immunity, energy reserves, and lipid transport. The results show that while DEP and DEHP did not alter the mRNA levels, BBP modulated almost all the analyzed genes. It can be concluded that the impact of BBP is extensive at the molecular level. However, it cannot be dismissed that the increase in transcriptional activity is a general response due to this compound’s well-known role as an endocrine disruptor. Additional research is needed to elucidate the differences observed in the impact of these compounds on the gastropod P. acuta.Marina Prieto-AmadorPatricia CaballeroJosé-Luis Martínez-GuitarteNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Marina Prieto-Amador Patricia Caballero José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level
description	Abstract Plastic pollution is one of the leading environmental problems. Phthalates are widely used plastic additives released into the environment. Although the effects of phthalates on vertebrates have been extensively studied, there is a knowledge gap regarding their effects on invertebrates. This work analyzes the impact of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), on the gastropod Physella acuta at the molecular level to establish the putative pathways involved in its response to them. By real-time PCR, we obtained the expression profile of 30 genes in animals exposed for 1 week to 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg/L of each phthalate. The genes cover DNA repair, detoxification, apoptosis, oxidative and stress responses, immunity, energy reserves, and lipid transport. The results show that while DEP and DEHP did not alter the mRNA levels, BBP modulated almost all the analyzed genes. It can be concluded that the impact of BBP is extensive at the molecular level. However, it cannot be dismissed that the increase in transcriptional activity is a general response due to this compound’s well-known role as an endocrine disruptor. Additional research is needed to elucidate the differences observed in the impact of these compounds on the gastropod P. acuta.
format	article
author	Marina Prieto-Amador Patricia Caballero José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
author_facet	Marina Prieto-Amador Patricia Caballero José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
author_sort	Marina Prieto-Amador
title	Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level
title_short	Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level
title_full	Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level
title_fullStr	Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level
title_full_unstemmed	Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level
title_sort	analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod physella acuta at the transcriptional level
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe57efaf63054ce69c81d2f1ddecc0f2
work_keys_str_mv	AT marinaprietoamador analysisoftheimpactofthreephthalatesonthefreshwatergastropodphysellaacutaatthetranscriptionallevel AT patriciacaballero analysisoftheimpactofthreephthalatesonthefreshwatergastropodphysellaacutaatthetranscriptionallevel AT joseluismartinezguitarte analysisoftheimpactofthreephthalatesonthefreshwatergastropodphysellaacutaatthetranscriptionallevel
_version_	1718385368487690240

Analysis of the impact of three phthalates on the freshwater gastropod Physella acuta at the transcriptional level

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