A Composite Velocity Map Imaging Spectrometer for Ions and 1 keV Electrons at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser
Velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometry is widely used to measure the momentum distribution of charged particles with the kinetic energy of a few tens of electronVolts. With the progress of femtosecond laser and X-ray free-electron laser, it becomes increasingly important to extend the electron kine...
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| Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/fe5b12ff1c794f5bbcd41838343fc26d |
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| Sumario: | Velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometry is widely used to measure the momentum distribution of charged particles with the kinetic energy of a few tens of electronVolts. With the progress of femtosecond laser and X-ray free-electron laser, it becomes increasingly important to extend the electron kinetic energy to 1 keV. Here, we report on a recently built composite VMI spectrometer at the Shanghai soft X-ray free-electron laser, which can measure ion images and high-energy electron images simultaneously. In the SIMION simulation, we extended the electron kinetic energy to 1 keV with a resolution <2% while measuring the ions with the kinetic energy of 20 eV. The experimental performance is tested by measuring Ar 2p photoelectron spectra at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> kinetic energy spectrum from dissociative ionization of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> by 800 nm femtosecond laser. We reached a resolution of 1.5% at the electron kinetic energy of 500 eV. When the electron arm is set for 100 eV, a resolution of 4% is reached at the ion kinetic energy of 5.6 eV. This composite VMI spectrometer will support the experiment, such as X-ray multi-photon excitation/ionization, Auger electrons emission, attosecond streaking. |
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