An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.

Humans and a few select insect and reptile species synchronise inter-individual behaviour without any time lag by predicting the time of future events rather than reacting to them. This is evident in music performance, dance, and drill. Although repetition of equal time intervals (i.e. isochrony) is...

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Autor principal:	Guy Madison
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe6358cc7d9240a3953c4b706e5b2be4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe6358cc7d9240a3953c4b706e5b2be42021-11-25T06:27:36ZAn auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0008151https://doaj.org/article/fe6358cc7d9240a3953c4b706e5b2be42009-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19997635/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Humans and a few select insect and reptile species synchronise inter-individual behaviour without any time lag by predicting the time of future events rather than reacting to them. This is evident in music performance, dance, and drill. Although repetition of equal time intervals (i.e. isochrony) is the central principle for such prediction, this simple information is used in a flexible and complex way that accommodates both multiples, subdivisions, and gradual changes of intervals. The scope of this flexibility remains largely uncharted, and the underlying mechanisms are a matter for speculation. Here I report an auditory illusion that highlights some aspects of this behaviour and that provides a powerful tool for its future study. A sound pattern is described that affords multiple alternative and concurrent rates of recurrence (temporal levels). An algorithm that systematically controls time intervals and the relative loudness among these levels creates an illusion that the perceived rate speeds up or slows down infinitely. Human participants synchronised hand movements with their perceived rate of events, and exhibited a change in their movement rate that was several times larger than the physical change in the sound pattern. The illusion demonstrates the duality between the external signal and the internal predictive process, such that people's tendency to follow their own subjective pulse overrides the overall properties of the stimulus pattern. Furthermore, accurate synchronisation with sounds separated by more than 8 s demonstrate that multiple temporal levels are employed for facilitating temporal organisation and integration by the human brain. A number of applications of the illusion and the stimulus pattern are suggested.Guy MadisonPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 4, Iss 12, p e8151 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guy Madison An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
description	Humans and a few select insect and reptile species synchronise inter-individual behaviour without any time lag by predicting the time of future events rather than reacting to them. This is evident in music performance, dance, and drill. Although repetition of equal time intervals (i.e. isochrony) is the central principle for such prediction, this simple information is used in a flexible and complex way that accommodates both multiples, subdivisions, and gradual changes of intervals. The scope of this flexibility remains largely uncharted, and the underlying mechanisms are a matter for speculation. Here I report an auditory illusion that highlights some aspects of this behaviour and that provides a powerful tool for its future study. A sound pattern is described that affords multiple alternative and concurrent rates of recurrence (temporal levels). An algorithm that systematically controls time intervals and the relative loudness among these levels creates an illusion that the perceived rate speeds up or slows down infinitely. Human participants synchronised hand movements with their perceived rate of events, and exhibited a change in their movement rate that was several times larger than the physical change in the sound pattern. The illusion demonstrates the duality between the external signal and the internal predictive process, such that people's tendency to follow their own subjective pulse overrides the overall properties of the stimulus pattern. Furthermore, accurate synchronisation with sounds separated by more than 8 s demonstrate that multiple temporal levels are employed for facilitating temporal organisation and integration by the human brain. A number of applications of the illusion and the stimulus pattern are suggested.
format	article
author	Guy Madison
author_facet	Guy Madison
author_sort	Guy Madison
title	An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
title_short	An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
title_full	An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
title_fullStr	An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
title_full_unstemmed	An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
title_sort	auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe6358cc7d9240a3953c4b706e5b2be4
work_keys_str_mv	AT guymadison anauditoryillusionofinfinitetempochangebasedonmultipletemporallevels AT guymadison auditoryillusionofinfinitetempochangebasedonmultipletemporallevels
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An auditory illusion of infinite tempo change based on multiple temporal levels.

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