The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years

The paper summarizes the development in the understanding and practical application of the activated sludge process over the last 50 years. Since its invention, the activated sludge process has been a big challenge to design engineers. Traditionally, the technology was covered by sanitary engineers....

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Autor principal:	Jiří Wanner
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	activated sludge nitrogen organic pollution phosphorus separation water reuse Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe6ea10f83a94345b96f1b1b5b818949
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe6ea10f83a94345b96f1b1b5b8189492021-11-06T11:13:31ZThe development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.095https://doaj.org/article/fe6ea10f83a94345b96f1b1b5b8189492021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/2/274https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732The paper summarizes the development in the understanding and practical application of the activated sludge process over the last 50 years. Since its invention, the activated sludge process has been a big challenge to design engineers. Traditionally, the technology was covered by sanitary engineers. However, with the development in the understanding of activated sludge process principles, further progress was not possible without knowledge of reaction kinetics and reactor theory. The shift from BOD removal only to combined removal of organic pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus required a chemical engineering approach with outputs of activated sludge microbiology and microbial ecology. Molecular biology enabled more accurate identification of important activated sludge microorganisms. The development in activated sludge process also required more efficient activated sludge separation and thickening. The paper describes the development from secondary clarifiers to membrane separation. Increasing water stress around the globe has also changed the main wastewater paradigm from wastewater treatment and safe discharge to safe reuse. HIGHLIGHTS Wastewater treatment since the 1970s when the IWA Specialist Group on the Design, Operation and Costs of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants was established.; Reactor engineering and kinetics.; Biological nutrient removal and application of microbial ecology and molecular biology.; Development in activated sludge mathematical modelling.; Development in activated sludge separation and water reuse.;Jiří WannerIWA Publishingarticleactivated sludgenitrogenorganic pollutionphosphorusseparationwater reuseEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 2, Pp 274-283 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	activated sludge nitrogen organic pollution phosphorus separation water reuse Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	activated sludge nitrogen organic pollution phosphorus separation water reuse Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Jiří Wanner The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
description	The paper summarizes the development in the understanding and practical application of the activated sludge process over the last 50 years. Since its invention, the activated sludge process has been a big challenge to design engineers. Traditionally, the technology was covered by sanitary engineers. However, with the development in the understanding of activated sludge process principles, further progress was not possible without knowledge of reaction kinetics and reactor theory. The shift from BOD removal only to combined removal of organic pollution, nitrogen and phosphorus required a chemical engineering approach with outputs of activated sludge microbiology and microbial ecology. Molecular biology enabled more accurate identification of important activated sludge microorganisms. The development in activated sludge process also required more efficient activated sludge separation and thickening. The paper describes the development from secondary clarifiers to membrane separation. Increasing water stress around the globe has also changed the main wastewater paradigm from wastewater treatment and safe discharge to safe reuse. HIGHLIGHTS Wastewater treatment since the 1970s when the IWA Specialist Group on the Design, Operation and Costs of Large Wastewater Treatment Plants was established.; Reactor engineering and kinetics.; Biological nutrient removal and application of microbial ecology and molecular biology.; Development in activated sludge mathematical modelling.; Development in activated sludge separation and water reuse.;
format	article
author	Jiří Wanner
author_facet	Jiří Wanner
author_sort	Jiří Wanner
title	The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
title_short	The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
title_full	The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
title_fullStr	The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
title_full_unstemmed	The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
title_sort	development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe6ea10f83a94345b96f1b1b5b818949
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiriwanner thedevelopmentinbiologicalwastewatertreatmentoverthelast50years AT jiriwanner developmentinbiologicalwastewatertreatmentoverthelast50years
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The development in biological wastewater treatment over the last 50 years

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