Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont

Marine phytoplankton are major primary producers, and their growth is primarily limited by nitrogen in the oligotrophic ocean environment. The haptophyte Braarudosphaera bigelowii possesses a cyanobacterial endosymbiont (UCYN-A), which plays a major role in nitrogen fixation in the ocean. However, h...

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Autores principales:	Shigekatsu Suzuki, Masanobu Kawachi, Chinatsu Tsukakoshi, Atsushi Nakamura, Kyoko Hagino, Isao Inouye, Ken-ichiro Ishida
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	nitrogen fixation endosymbiosis haptophyte UCYN-A reductive evolution Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe720bc96ff44226b30fe494fb5718da
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe720bc96ff44226b30fe494fb5718da2021-12-03T14:43:54ZUnstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.749895https://doaj.org/article/fe720bc96ff44226b30fe494fb5718da2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.749895/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XMarine phytoplankton are major primary producers, and their growth is primarily limited by nitrogen in the oligotrophic ocean environment. The haptophyte Braarudosphaera bigelowii possesses a cyanobacterial endosymbiont (UCYN-A), which plays a major role in nitrogen fixation in the ocean. However, host-symbiont interactions are poorly understood because B. bigelowii was unculturable. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of the B. bigelowii endosymbiont and showed that it was highly reductive and closely related to UCYN-A2 (an ecotype of UCYN-A). We succeeded in establishing B. bigelowii strains and performed microscopic observations. The detailed observations showed that the cyanobacterial endosymbiont was surrounded by a single host derived membrane and divided synchronously with the host cell division. The transcriptome of B. bigelowii revealed that B. bigelowii lacked the expression of many essential genes associated with the uptake of most nitrogen compounds, except ammonia. During cultivation, some of the strains completely lost the endosymbiont. Moreover, we did not find any evidence of endosymbiotic gene transfer from the endosymbiont to the host. These findings illustrate an unstable morphological, metabolic, and genetic relationship between B. bigelowii and its endosymbiont.Shigekatsu SuzukiMasanobu KawachiChinatsu TsukakoshiAtsushi NakamuraKyoko HaginoIsao InouyeKen-ichiro IshidaFrontiers Media S.A.articlenitrogen fixationendosymbiosishaptophyteUCYN-Areductive evolutionPlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	nitrogen fixation endosymbiosis haptophyte UCYN-A reductive evolution Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	nitrogen fixation endosymbiosis haptophyte UCYN-A reductive evolution Plant culture SB1-1110 Shigekatsu Suzuki Masanobu Kawachi Chinatsu Tsukakoshi Atsushi Nakamura Kyoko Hagino Isao Inouye Ken-ichiro Ishida Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont
description	Marine phytoplankton are major primary producers, and their growth is primarily limited by nitrogen in the oligotrophic ocean environment. The haptophyte Braarudosphaera bigelowii possesses a cyanobacterial endosymbiont (UCYN-A), which plays a major role in nitrogen fixation in the ocean. However, host-symbiont interactions are poorly understood because B. bigelowii was unculturable. In this study, we sequenced the complete genome of the B. bigelowii endosymbiont and showed that it was highly reductive and closely related to UCYN-A2 (an ecotype of UCYN-A). We succeeded in establishing B. bigelowii strains and performed microscopic observations. The detailed observations showed that the cyanobacterial endosymbiont was surrounded by a single host derived membrane and divided synchronously with the host cell division. The transcriptome of B. bigelowii revealed that B. bigelowii lacked the expression of many essential genes associated with the uptake of most nitrogen compounds, except ammonia. During cultivation, some of the strains completely lost the endosymbiont. Moreover, we did not find any evidence of endosymbiotic gene transfer from the endosymbiont to the host. These findings illustrate an unstable morphological, metabolic, and genetic relationship between B. bigelowii and its endosymbiont.
format	article
author	Shigekatsu Suzuki Masanobu Kawachi Chinatsu Tsukakoshi Atsushi Nakamura Kyoko Hagino Isao Inouye Ken-ichiro Ishida
author_facet	Shigekatsu Suzuki Masanobu Kawachi Chinatsu Tsukakoshi Atsushi Nakamura Kyoko Hagino Isao Inouye Ken-ichiro Ishida
author_sort	Shigekatsu Suzuki
title	Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont
title_short	Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont
title_full	Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont
title_fullStr	Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont
title_full_unstemmed	Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont
title_sort	unstable relationship between braarudosphaera bigelowii (= chrysochromulina parkeae) and its nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe720bc96ff44226b30fe494fb5718da
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Unstable Relationship Between Braarudosphaera bigelowii (= Chrysochromulina parkeae) and Its Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiont

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