Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review

Windi Fresha Qomara,1 Delya Nur Primanissa,1 Salma Hasni Amalia,1 Febby V Purwadi,1 Neily Zakiyah1,2 1Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmac...

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Autores principales:	Qomara WF, Primanissa DN, Amalia SH, Purwadi FV, Zakiyah N
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	covid-19 antiviral drugs sars-cov-2 remdesivir lopinavir/ritonavir favipiravir Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe76092db28e44ccba9d6ff8da472917
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe76092db28e44ccba9d6ff8da4729172021-11-23T18:43:01ZEffectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review1178-7074https://doaj.org/article/fe76092db28e44ccba9d6ff8da4729172021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/effectiveness-of-remdesivir-lopinavirritonavir-and-favipiravir-for-cov-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGMhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7074Windi Fresha Qomara,1 Delya Nur Primanissa,1 Salma Hasni Amalia,1 Febby V Purwadi,1 Neily Zakiyah1,2 1Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Neily ZakiyahDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaTel +62-22-77962Email neily.zakiyah@unpad.ac.idBackground: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel strain that causes acute respiratory illnesses known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is limited information regarding the therapeutic management for this disease. Several studies have stated that antivirals drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir may potentially inhibit the virus from spreading to the host.Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical effectiveness and safety of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir on COVID-19.Methods: The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2021 to identify eligible experimental randomized controlled trials on remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19 patients. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.Results: From 158 references, 15 studies were included in the review. The results showed that remdesivir has some potential benefits for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as seen from clinical improvements such as faster recovery time, less duration of hospitalization, and fewer respiratory side effects among COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of remdesivir in reducing mortality remains uncertain. Treatment with favipiravir has shown promising improvement in the clinical status of COVID-19 patients, although the results suggested no significant differences in some clinical parameters such as length of hospitalizations and clinical recovery. A combination of favipiravir with other supportive therapy showed more favorable outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients reported no significant clinical improvement compared to standard care with notable adverse effect reactions.Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the evidence-based role of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the management of COVID-19. A thorough assessment of the benefit-risk profile in COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. The current review was based on very limited available data; therefore, further well-designed clinical trials are required.Keywords: COVID-19, antiviral drugs, SARS-CoV-2, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravirQomara WFPrimanissa DNAmalia SHPurwadi FVZakiyah NDove Medical Pressarticlecovid-19antiviral drugssars-cov-2remdesivirlopinavir/ritonavirfavipiravirMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of General Medicine, Vol Volume 14, Pp 8557-8571 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	covid-19 antiviral drugs sars-cov-2 remdesivir lopinavir/ritonavir favipiravir Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	covid-19 antiviral drugs sars-cov-2 remdesivir lopinavir/ritonavir favipiravir Medicine (General) R5-920 Qomara WF Primanissa DN Amalia SH Purwadi FV Zakiyah N Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review
description	Windi Fresha Qomara,1 Delya Nur Primanissa,1 Salma Hasni Amalia,1 Febby V Purwadi,1 Neily Zakiyah1,2 1Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Neily ZakiyahDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 40132, IndonesiaTel +62-22-77962Email neily.zakiyah@unpad.ac.idBackground: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel strain that causes acute respiratory illnesses known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, there is limited information regarding the therapeutic management for this disease. Several studies have stated that antivirals drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir may potentially inhibit the virus from spreading to the host.Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the clinical effectiveness and safety of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir on COVID-19.Methods: The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to July 2021 to identify eligible experimental randomized controlled trials on remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir for COVID-19 patients. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline.Results: From 158 references, 15 studies were included in the review. The results showed that remdesivir has some potential benefits for hospitalized COVID-19 patients, as seen from clinical improvements such as faster recovery time, less duration of hospitalization, and fewer respiratory side effects among COVID-19 patients. However, the impact of remdesivir in reducing mortality remains uncertain. Treatment with favipiravir has shown promising improvement in the clinical status of COVID-19 patients, although the results suggested no significant differences in some clinical parameters such as length of hospitalizations and clinical recovery. A combination of favipiravir with other supportive therapy showed more favorable outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the use of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients reported no significant clinical improvement compared to standard care with notable adverse effect reactions.Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the evidence-based role of remdesivir, favipiravir, and lopinavir/ritonavir in the management of COVID-19. A thorough assessment of the benefit-risk profile in COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. The current review was based on very limited available data; therefore, further well-designed clinical trials are required.Keywords: COVID-19, antiviral drugs, SARS-CoV-2, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir
format	article
author	Qomara WF Primanissa DN Amalia SH Purwadi FV Zakiyah N
author_facet	Qomara WF Primanissa DN Amalia SH Purwadi FV Zakiyah N
author_sort	Qomara WF
title	Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review
title_short	Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review
title_full	Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr	Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed	Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review
title_sort	effectiveness of remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and favipiravir for covid-19 treatment: a systematic review
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe76092db28e44ccba9d6ff8da472917
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Effectiveness of Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir for COVID-19 Treatment: A Systematic Review

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