Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation

The present study evaluated engineered media for plant biofilter optimisation in an unvegetated column experiment to assess the performance of loamy sand, perlite, vermiculite, zeolite and attapulgite media under stormwater conditions enriched with varying nutrients and metals reflecting urban pollu...

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Autores principales:	D. M. Jacklin, I. C. Brink, S. M. Jacobs
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	biofiltration ecological engineering engineered media green infrastructure stormwater Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fe91880da132454bb60a72f47334b590
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fe91880da132454bb60a72f47334b5902021-11-06T11:24:24ZUrban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation0273-12231996-973210.2166/wst.2021.353https://doaj.org/article/fe91880da132454bb60a72f47334b5902021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://wst.iwaponline.com/content/84/7/1715https://doaj.org/toc/0273-1223https://doaj.org/toc/1996-9732The present study evaluated engineered media for plant biofilter optimisation in an unvegetated column experiment to assess the performance of loamy sand, perlite, vermiculite, zeolite and attapulgite media under stormwater conditions enriched with varying nutrients and metals reflecting urban pollutant loads. Sixty columns, 30 unvegetated and 30 Juncus effusus vegetated, were used to test: pollutant removal, infiltration rate, particulate discharge, effluent clarity and plant functional response, over six sampling rounds. All engineered media outperformed conventional loamy sand across criteria, with engineered attapulgite consistently among the best performers. No reportable difference existed in vegetation exposed to different material combinations. For all media, the results show a net removal of NH3-N, PO43−-P, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and an increase of NO3−-N, emphasizing the importance of vegetation in biofilters. Growth media supporting increased rate of infiltration whilst maintaining effective remediation performance offers the potential for reducing the area required by biofilters, currently recommended at 2% of its catchment area, encouraging the use of small-scale green infrastructure in the urban area. Further research is required to assess the carrying capacity of engineered media in laboratory and field settings, particularly during seasonal change, gauging the substrate's potential moisture availability for root uptake. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first study to investigate the novel addition of attapulgite media for urban pollutant removal from stormwater in biofilters.; The experiment reported consistent and effective removal of ammonia, orthophosphate an heavy metals.; The paper reports a time-lapse of photographic evidence illustrating the change in sediment discharge from new biofilters.; Infiltration rate enhanced, while pollutant removal performance was maintained.;D. M. JacklinI. C. BrinkS. M. JacobsIWA Publishingarticlebiofiltrationecological engineeringengineered mediagreen infrastructurestormwaterEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENWater Science and Technology, Vol 84, Iss 7, Pp 1715-1731 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	biofiltration ecological engineering engineered media green infrastructure stormwater Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	biofiltration ecological engineering engineered media green infrastructure stormwater Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 D. M. Jacklin I. C. Brink S. M. Jacobs Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
description	The present study evaluated engineered media for plant biofilter optimisation in an unvegetated column experiment to assess the performance of loamy sand, perlite, vermiculite, zeolite and attapulgite media under stormwater conditions enriched with varying nutrients and metals reflecting urban pollutant loads. Sixty columns, 30 unvegetated and 30 Juncus effusus vegetated, were used to test: pollutant removal, infiltration rate, particulate discharge, effluent clarity and plant functional response, over six sampling rounds. All engineered media outperformed conventional loamy sand across criteria, with engineered attapulgite consistently among the best performers. No reportable difference existed in vegetation exposed to different material combinations. For all media, the results show a net removal of NH3-N, PO43−-P, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and an increase of NO3−-N, emphasizing the importance of vegetation in biofilters. Growth media supporting increased rate of infiltration whilst maintaining effective remediation performance offers the potential for reducing the area required by biofilters, currently recommended at 2% of its catchment area, encouraging the use of small-scale green infrastructure in the urban area. Further research is required to assess the carrying capacity of engineered media in laboratory and field settings, particularly during seasonal change, gauging the substrate's potential moisture availability for root uptake. HIGHLIGHTS This is the first study to investigate the novel addition of attapulgite media for urban pollutant removal from stormwater in biofilters.; The experiment reported consistent and effective removal of ammonia, orthophosphate an heavy metals.; The paper reports a time-lapse of photographic evidence illustrating the change in sediment discharge from new biofilters.; Infiltration rate enhanced, while pollutant removal performance was maintained.;
format	article
author	D. M. Jacklin I. C. Brink S. M. Jacobs
author_facet	D. M. Jacklin I. C. Brink S. M. Jacobs
author_sort	D. M. Jacklin
title	Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
title_short	Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
title_full	Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
title_fullStr	Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
title_full_unstemmed	Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
title_sort	urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fe91880da132454bb60a72f47334b590
work_keys_str_mv	AT dmjacklin urbanstormwaternutrientandmetalremovalinsmallscalegreeninfrastructureexploringengineeredplantbiofiltermediaoptimisation AT icbrink urbanstormwaternutrientandmetalremovalinsmallscalegreeninfrastructureexploringengineeredplantbiofiltermediaoptimisation AT smjacobs urbanstormwaternutrientandmetalremovalinsmallscalegreeninfrastructureexploringengineeredplantbiofiltermediaoptimisation
_version_	1718443710255988736

Urban stormwater nutrient and metal removal in small-scale green infrastructure: exploring engineered plant biofilter media optimisation

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