Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis
Background: A previous study has shown that 81% of the COVID-19 patients had mild or moderate symptoms. However, most studies on the sequelae in COVID-19 patients focused on severe cases and the long-term follow-up studies on the health consequences in non-severe cases are limited. The current study...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:fea6bd976fca434b87eac65233e1a9902021-11-30T11:58:16ZAssessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis2296-858X10.3389/fmed.2021.717194https://doaj.org/article/fea6bd976fca434b87eac65233e1a9902021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2021.717194/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-858XBackground: A previous study has shown that 81% of the COVID-19 patients had mild or moderate symptoms. However, most studies on the sequelae in COVID-19 patients focused on severe cases and the long-term follow-up studies on the health consequences in non-severe cases are limited. The current study aimed to assess the sequelae of COVID-19 in patients nearly 1 year after diagnosis with a particular focus on the recovery of patients with non-severe COVID-19.Methods: We enrolled 120 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 discharged from Wuhan Union hospital west district (designated hospital for COVID-19) and Fangcang shelter hospitals between January 29, 2020 and April 1, 2020. All participants were asked to complete a series of questionnaires to assess their symptoms and quality of life and for psychological evaluation. Also, pulmonary function test, chest CT, 6-min walking test (6MWT), routine blood test, liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose test, lipid test, and immunoglobulin G antibody test were performed to evaluate their health.Results: The mean age of the study population was 51.6 ± 10.8 years. Of the 120 patients, 104 (86.7%) were cases of non-severe COVID-19. The follow-up study was performed between November 23, 2020 and January 11, 2021, and the median time between the diagnosis and the follow-up was 314.5 (IQR, 296–338) days. Sleep difficulties, shortness of breath, fatigue, and joint pain were common symptoms observed during follow-up and nearly one-third of the non-severe cases had these symptoms. A total of 50 (41.7%) and 45 (37.5%) patients reported anxiety and depression, respectively. And 18.3% of the patients showed negative results in the IgG test at the follow-up, which correlated with the severity of the infection (R = 0.203, p = 0.026), and the proportion of IgG negative cases in non-severe COVID-19 patients was higher than that in the severe cases (20.2 vs. 6.3%). Pulmonary diffusion impairment was reported in 30 (26.1%) out of 115 patients, and 24 (24.2%) out of the 99 non-severe cases. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC/FEV1, vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), and residual volume (RV) were less than the normal range in 1.7, 8.6, 0.9, 11.2, 7.0, and 0.9% of the patients, respectively. A total of 55 (56.7%) out of the 97 patients showed abnormal CT findings, including ground-glass opacities (GGO), bronchiectasis, nodules, lines and bands, and fibrosis. Furthermore, there was a correlation between all the SF-36-domain scores and the duration of hospitalization, pulmonary function, and a 6MWT.Conclusions: At the nearly 1-year follow-up, COVID-19 survivors still had multi-system issues, including those in the respiratory functioning, radiography, quality of life, and anxiety and depression. Moreover, non-severe cases also showed some sequelae and the proportion of IgG negative cases in the non-severe patients was higher than that in severe cases. Therefore, conducting follow-ups and preventing the reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in this group is necessary.Fangyuan ZhouMeihui TaoLuorui ShangYuhan LiuGuangtao PanYan JinLi WangShaoke HuJinxiao LiMengqi ZhangYu FuShenglan YangFrontiers Media S.A.articlelong-term COVID-19SARS-CoV-2follow-upsequelaemulti-system assessmentMedicine (General)R5-920ENFrontiers in Medicine, Vol 8 (2021) |
| institution |
DOAJ |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
EN |
| topic |
long-term COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 follow-up sequelae multi-system assessment Medicine (General) R5-920 |
| spellingShingle |
long-term COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 follow-up sequelae multi-system assessment Medicine (General) R5-920 Fangyuan Zhou Meihui Tao Luorui Shang Yuhan Liu Guangtao Pan Yan Jin Li Wang Shaoke Hu Jinxiao Li Mengqi Zhang Yu Fu Shenglan Yang Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis |
| description |
Background: A previous study has shown that 81% of the COVID-19 patients had mild or moderate symptoms. However, most studies on the sequelae in COVID-19 patients focused on severe cases and the long-term follow-up studies on the health consequences in non-severe cases are limited. The current study aimed to assess the sequelae of COVID-19 in patients nearly 1 year after diagnosis with a particular focus on the recovery of patients with non-severe COVID-19.Methods: We enrolled 120 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 discharged from Wuhan Union hospital west district (designated hospital for COVID-19) and Fangcang shelter hospitals between January 29, 2020 and April 1, 2020. All participants were asked to complete a series of questionnaires to assess their symptoms and quality of life and for psychological evaluation. Also, pulmonary function test, chest CT, 6-min walking test (6MWT), routine blood test, liver and kidney function tests, fasting blood glucose test, lipid test, and immunoglobulin G antibody test were performed to evaluate their health.Results: The mean age of the study population was 51.6 ± 10.8 years. Of the 120 patients, 104 (86.7%) were cases of non-severe COVID-19. The follow-up study was performed between November 23, 2020 and January 11, 2021, and the median time between the diagnosis and the follow-up was 314.5 (IQR, 296–338) days. Sleep difficulties, shortness of breath, fatigue, and joint pain were common symptoms observed during follow-up and nearly one-third of the non-severe cases had these symptoms. A total of 50 (41.7%) and 45 (37.5%) patients reported anxiety and depression, respectively. And 18.3% of the patients showed negative results in the IgG test at the follow-up, which correlated with the severity of the infection (R = 0.203, p = 0.026), and the proportion of IgG negative cases in non-severe COVID-19 patients was higher than that in the severe cases (20.2 vs. 6.3%). Pulmonary diffusion impairment was reported in 30 (26.1%) out of 115 patients, and 24 (24.2%) out of the 99 non-severe cases. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FVC/FEV1, vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), and residual volume (RV) were less than the normal range in 1.7, 8.6, 0.9, 11.2, 7.0, and 0.9% of the patients, respectively. A total of 55 (56.7%) out of the 97 patients showed abnormal CT findings, including ground-glass opacities (GGO), bronchiectasis, nodules, lines and bands, and fibrosis. Furthermore, there was a correlation between all the SF-36-domain scores and the duration of hospitalization, pulmonary function, and a 6MWT.Conclusions: At the nearly 1-year follow-up, COVID-19 survivors still had multi-system issues, including those in the respiratory functioning, radiography, quality of life, and anxiety and depression. Moreover, non-severe cases also showed some sequelae and the proportion of IgG negative cases in the non-severe patients was higher than that in severe cases. Therefore, conducting follow-ups and preventing the reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 in this group is necessary. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Fangyuan Zhou Meihui Tao Luorui Shang Yuhan Liu Guangtao Pan Yan Jin Li Wang Shaoke Hu Jinxiao Li Mengqi Zhang Yu Fu Shenglan Yang |
| author_facet |
Fangyuan Zhou Meihui Tao Luorui Shang Yuhan Liu Guangtao Pan Yan Jin Li Wang Shaoke Hu Jinxiao Li Mengqi Zhang Yu Fu Shenglan Yang |
| author_sort |
Fangyuan Zhou |
| title |
Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis |
| title_short |
Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis |
| title_full |
Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis |
| title_fullStr |
Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Assessment of Sequelae of COVID-19 Nearly 1 Year After Diagnosis |
| title_sort |
assessment of sequelae of covid-19 nearly 1 year after diagnosis |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/fea6bd976fca434b87eac65233e1a990 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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