VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes

Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common neoplasia, showing aggressive clinicopathological features, without viable therapeutic options. The study of tumor microenvironment has gained importance, due to the ability to control tumor progression by regulating the immune response. Considering the lac...

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Autores principales:	Andreia Gameiro, Catarina Nascimento, Jorge Correia, Fernando Ferreira
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	feline mammary carcinoma breast cancer VISTA immune checkpoint cancer model Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fec4dc2818084f3cb9675c0ea2d4dd4f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fec4dc2818084f3cb9675c0ea2d4dd4f2021-11-11T15:35:05ZVISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes10.3390/cancers132155592072-6694https://doaj.org/article/fec4dc2818084f3cb9675c0ea2d4dd4f2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/21/5559https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6694Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common neoplasia, showing aggressive clinicopathological features, without viable therapeutic options. The study of tumor microenvironment has gained importance, due to the ability to control tumor progression by regulating the immune response. Considering the lack of knowledge, feline serum VISTA levels from cats with mammary carcinoma were compared with healthy controls, and with serum levels of PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, IL-6, and TNF-α. In parallel, VISTA tumor expression was evaluated in FMC samples. The obtained data revealed that serum VISTA levels were significantly higher in cats presenting HER2-positive (<i>p =</i> 0.0025) or triple-negative subtypes (<i>p =</i> 0.0019), with higher serum levels in luminal A (<i>p =</i> 0.0025) correlated to the presence of metastasis (<i>p =</i> 0.0471). Furthermore, in HER2-positive or triple-negative tumors, correlations were obtained between serum VISTA levels and the serum levels of the above-mentioned molecules. In tumors, VISTA expression revealed a stronger intensity in cancer cells, when compared to TILs (<i>p <</i> 0.0001). Stratifying the samples by subtypes, a higher number of VISTA-positive TILs was observed in the HER2-positive subtype, compared with triple-negative tumors (<i>p =</i> 0.0138). In conclusion, results support the development of therapeutic strategies for HER2-positive and triple-negative FMC subtypes, reinforcing the use of cats as a human oncology model.Andreia GameiroCatarina NascimentoJorge CorreiaFernando FerreiraMDPI AGarticlefeline mammary carcinomabreast cancerVISTAimmune checkpointcancer modelNeoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogensRC254-282ENCancers, Vol 13, Iss 5559, p 5559 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	feline mammary carcinoma breast cancer VISTA immune checkpoint cancer model Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282
spellingShingle	feline mammary carcinoma breast cancer VISTA immune checkpoint cancer model Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens RC254-282 Andreia Gameiro Catarina Nascimento Jorge Correia Fernando Ferreira VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes
description	Feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a common neoplasia, showing aggressive clinicopathological features, without viable therapeutic options. The study of tumor microenvironment has gained importance, due to the ability to control tumor progression by regulating the immune response. Considering the lack of knowledge, feline serum VISTA levels from cats with mammary carcinoma were compared with healthy controls, and with serum levels of PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, IL-6, and TNF-α. In parallel, VISTA tumor expression was evaluated in FMC samples. The obtained data revealed that serum VISTA levels were significantly higher in cats presenting HER2-positive (<i>p =</i> 0.0025) or triple-negative subtypes (<i>p =</i> 0.0019), with higher serum levels in luminal A (<i>p =</i> 0.0025) correlated to the presence of metastasis (<i>p =</i> 0.0471). Furthermore, in HER2-positive or triple-negative tumors, correlations were obtained between serum VISTA levels and the serum levels of the above-mentioned molecules. In tumors, VISTA expression revealed a stronger intensity in cancer cells, when compared to TILs (<i>p <</i> 0.0001). Stratifying the samples by subtypes, a higher number of VISTA-positive TILs was observed in the HER2-positive subtype, compared with triple-negative tumors (<i>p =</i> 0.0138). In conclusion, results support the development of therapeutic strategies for HER2-positive and triple-negative FMC subtypes, reinforcing the use of cats as a human oncology model.
format	article
author	Andreia Gameiro Catarina Nascimento Jorge Correia Fernando Ferreira
author_facet	Andreia Gameiro Catarina Nascimento Jorge Correia Fernando Ferreira
author_sort	Andreia Gameiro
title	VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes
title_short	VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes
title_full	VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes
title_fullStr	VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes
title_full_unstemmed	VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes
title_sort	vista is a diagnostic biomarker and immunotherapy target of aggressive feline mammary carcinoma subtypes
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fec4dc2818084f3cb9675c0ea2d4dd4f
work_keys_str_mv	AT andreiagameiro vistaisadiagnosticbiomarkerandimmunotherapytargetofaggressivefelinemammarycarcinomasubtypes AT catarinanascimento vistaisadiagnosticbiomarkerandimmunotherapytargetofaggressivefelinemammarycarcinomasubtypes AT jorgecorreia vistaisadiagnosticbiomarkerandimmunotherapytargetofaggressivefelinemammarycarcinomasubtypes AT fernandoferreira vistaisadiagnosticbiomarkerandimmunotherapytargetofaggressivefelinemammarycarcinomasubtypes
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VISTA Is a Diagnostic Biomarker and Immunotherapy Target of Aggressive Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes

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