Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

<p>Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental app...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	V. Forstner, J. Groh, M. Vremec, M. Herndl, H. Vereecken, H. H. Gerke, S. Birk, T. Pütz
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:	Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/feccd7d0eb094ee58745d6e2ba99e854
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:feccd7d0eb094ee58745d6e2ba99e854
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:feccd7d0eb094ee58745d6e2ba99e8542021-12-02T11:01:09ZResponse of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems10.5194/hess-25-6087-20211027-56061607-7938https://doaj.org/article/feccd7d0eb094ee58745d6e2ba99e8542021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://hess.copernicus.org/articles/25/6087/2021/hess-25-6087-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1027-5606https://doaj.org/toc/1607-7938<p>Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first, manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational, approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil ecosystem is energy limited or water limited.</p> <p>Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems.</p> <p>In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.</p>V. ForstnerJ. GrohJ. GrohM. VremecM. HerndlH. VereeckenH. H. GerkeS. BirkT. PützCopernicus PublicationsarticleTechnologyTEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066Geography. Anthropology. RecreationGEnvironmental sciencesGE1-350ENHydrology and Earth System Sciences, Vol 25, Pp 6087-6106 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	Technology T Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 V. Forstner J. Groh J. Groh M. Vremec M. Herndl H. Vereecken H. H. Gerke S. Birk T. Pütz Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
description	<p>Effects of climate change on the ecosystem productivity and water fluxes have been studied in various types of experiments. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how the experimental approach itself affects the results of such studies. We employed two contrasting experimental approaches, using high-precision weighable monolithic lysimeters, over a period of 4 years to identify and compare the responses of water fluxes and aboveground biomass to climate change in permanent grassland. The first, manipulative, approach is based on controlled increases of atmospheric CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> concentration and surface temperature. The second, observational, approach uses data from a space-for-time substitution along a gradient of climatic conditions. The Budyko framework was used to identify if the soil ecosystem is energy limited or water limited.</p> <p>Elevated temperature reduced the amount of non-rainfall water, particularly during the growing season in both approaches. In energy-limited grassland ecosystems, elevated temperature increased the actual evapotranspiration and decreased aboveground biomass. As a consequence, elevated temperature led to decreasing seepage rates in energy-limited systems. Under water-limited conditions in dry periods, elevated temperature aggravated water stress and, thus, resulted in reduced actual evapotranspiration. The already small seepage rates of the drier soils remained almost unaffected under these conditions compared to soils under wetter conditions. Elevated atmospheric CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> reduced both actual evapotranspiration and aboveground biomass in the manipulative experiment and, therefore, led to a clear increase and change in seasonality of seepage. As expected, the aboveground biomass productivity and ecosystem efficiency indicators of the water-limited ecosystems were negatively correlated with an increase in aridity, while the trend was unclear for the energy-limited ecosystems.</p> <p>In both experimental approaches, the responses of soil water fluxes and biomass production mainly depend on the ecosystems' status with respect to energy or water limitation. To thoroughly understand the ecosystem response to climate change and be able to identify tipping points, experiments need to embrace sufficiently extreme boundary conditions and explore responses to individual and multiple drivers, such as temperature, CO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> concentration, and precipitation, including non-rainfall water. In this regard, manipulative and observational climate change experiments complement one another and, thus, should be combined in the investigation of climate change effects on grassland.</p>
format	article
author	V. Forstner J. Groh J. Groh M. Vremec M. Herndl H. Vereecken H. H. Gerke S. Birk T. Pütz
author_facet	V. Forstner J. Groh J. Groh M. Vremec M. Herndl H. Vereecken H. H. Gerke S. Birk T. Pütz
author_sort	V. Forstner
title	Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
title_short	Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
title_full	Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
title_fullStr	Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
title_full_unstemmed	Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
title_sort	response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems
publisher	Copernicus Publications
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/feccd7d0eb094ee58745d6e2ba99e854
work_keys_str_mv	AT vforstner responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT jgroh responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT jgroh responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT mvremec responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT mherndl responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT hvereecken responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT hhgerke responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT sbirk responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems AT tputz responseofwaterfluxesandbiomassproductiontoclimatechangeinpermanentgrasslandsoilecosystems
_version_	1718396390146572288

Response of water fluxes and biomass production to climate change in permanent grassland soil ecosystems

Ejemplares similares