The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations

Most COVID-19 cases are mild or asymptomatic and recover well, suggesting that effective immune responses ensue, which successfully eliminate SARS-CoV-2 viruses. However, a small proportion of patients develop severe COVID-19 with pathological immune responses. This indicates that a strong immune sy...

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Autores principales:	Jiezhong Chen, Luis Vitetta, Jeremy D. Henson, Sean Hall
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 Vaccinations Intestinal dysbiosis Functional foods Immune responses Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ff10e1c371654a3a8278dd379251dc24
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ff10e1c371654a3a8278dd379251dc242021-11-12T04:29:01ZThe intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations1756-464610.1016/j.jff.2021.104850https://doaj.org/article/ff10e1c371654a3a8278dd379251dc242021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1756464621004990https://doaj.org/toc/1756-4646Most COVID-19 cases are mild or asymptomatic and recover well, suggesting that effective immune responses ensue, which successfully eliminate SARS-CoV-2 viruses. However, a small proportion of patients develop severe COVID-19 with pathological immune responses. This indicates that a strong immune system balanced with anti-inflammatory mechanisms is critical for the recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infections. Many vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have now been developed for eliciting effective immune responses to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infections or reduce the severity of the disease if infected. Although uncommon, serious morbidity and mortality have resulted from both COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions and lack of efficacy, and further improvement of efficacy and prevention of adverse effects are urgently warranted. Many factors could affect efficacy of these vaccines to achieve optimal immune responses. Dysregulation of the gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) could be an important risk factor as the gut microbiota is associated with the development and maintenance of an effective immune system response. In this narrative review, we discuss the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, how COVID-19 vaccines elicit protective immune responses, gut dysbiosis involvement in inefficacy and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines and the modulation of the gut microbiota by functional foods to improve COVID-19 vaccine immunisations.Jiezhong ChenLuis VitettaJeremy D. HensonSean HallElsevierarticleCOVID-19VaccinationsIntestinal dysbiosisFunctional foodsImmune responsesNutrition. Foods and food supplyTX341-641ENJournal of Functional Foods, Vol 87, Iss , Pp 104850- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 Vaccinations Intestinal dysbiosis Functional foods Immune responses Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641
spellingShingle	COVID-19 Vaccinations Intestinal dysbiosis Functional foods Immune responses Nutrition. Foods and food supply TX341-641 Jiezhong Chen Luis Vitetta Jeremy D. Henson Sean Hall The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
description	Most COVID-19 cases are mild or asymptomatic and recover well, suggesting that effective immune responses ensue, which successfully eliminate SARS-CoV-2 viruses. However, a small proportion of patients develop severe COVID-19 with pathological immune responses. This indicates that a strong immune system balanced with anti-inflammatory mechanisms is critical for the recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infections. Many vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have now been developed for eliciting effective immune responses to protect from SARS-CoV-2 infections or reduce the severity of the disease if infected. Although uncommon, serious morbidity and mortality have resulted from both COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions and lack of efficacy, and further improvement of efficacy and prevention of adverse effects are urgently warranted. Many factors could affect efficacy of these vaccines to achieve optimal immune responses. Dysregulation of the gut microbiota (gut dysbiosis) could be an important risk factor as the gut microbiota is associated with the development and maintenance of an effective immune system response. In this narrative review, we discuss the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, how COVID-19 vaccines elicit protective immune responses, gut dysbiosis involvement in inefficacy and adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines and the modulation of the gut microbiota by functional foods to improve COVID-19 vaccine immunisations.
format	article
author	Jiezhong Chen Luis Vitetta Jeremy D. Henson Sean Hall
author_facet	Jiezhong Chen Luis Vitetta Jeremy D. Henson Sean Hall
author_sort	Jiezhong Chen
title	The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
title_short	The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
title_full	The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
title_fullStr	The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
title_full_unstemmed	The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations
title_sort	intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of covid-19 vaccinations
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ff10e1c371654a3a8278dd379251dc24
work_keys_str_mv	AT jiezhongchen theintestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT luisvitetta theintestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT jeremydhenson theintestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT seanhall theintestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT jiezhongchen intestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT luisvitetta intestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT jeremydhenson intestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations AT seanhall intestinalmicrobiotaandimprovingtheefficacyofcovid19vaccinations
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The intestinal microbiota and improving the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations

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