Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity

Abstract Locusts are grasshoppers that can form dense migrating swarms through an extreme form of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity, known as locust phase polyphenism. We present a comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Schistocerca, which contains both non-swarming grasshoppers and swarming loc...

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Autores principales:	Hojun Song, Bert Foquet, Ricardo Mariño-Pérez, Derek A. Woller
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ff43661f9ae444f38d7f7e226fecfda2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ff43661f9ae444f38d7f7e226fecfda22021-12-02T12:32:02ZPhylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity10.1038/s41598-017-07105-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ff43661f9ae444f38d7f7e226fecfda22017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07105-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Locusts are grasshoppers that can form dense migrating swarms through an extreme form of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity, known as locust phase polyphenism. We present a comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Schistocerca, which contains both non-swarming grasshoppers and swarming locusts. We find that the desert locust, S. gregaria, which is the only Old World representative of the genus, is the earliest diverging lineage. This suggests that the common ancestor of Schistocerca must have been a swarming locust that crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to America approximately 6 million years ago, giving rise to the current diversity in the New World. This also implies that density-dependent phenotypic plasticity is an ancestral trait for the genus. Through ancestral character reconstruction of reaction norms, we show that colour plasticity has been largely retained in most species in the genus, but behavioural plasticity was lost and regained at least twice. Furthermore, we show that swarming species do not form a monophyletic group and non-swarming species that are closely related to locusts often express locust-like plastic reaction norms. Thus, we conclude that individual reaction norms have followed different evolutionary trajectories, which have led to the evolutionary transition between grasshoppers and locusts - and vice versa.Hojun SongBert FoquetRicardo Mariño-PérezDerek A. WollerNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hojun Song Bert Foquet Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Derek A. Woller Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
description	Abstract Locusts are grasshoppers that can form dense migrating swarms through an extreme form of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity, known as locust phase polyphenism. We present a comprehensive phylogeny of the genus Schistocerca, which contains both non-swarming grasshoppers and swarming locusts. We find that the desert locust, S. gregaria, which is the only Old World representative of the genus, is the earliest diverging lineage. This suggests that the common ancestor of Schistocerca must have been a swarming locust that crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Africa to America approximately 6 million years ago, giving rise to the current diversity in the New World. This also implies that density-dependent phenotypic plasticity is an ancestral trait for the genus. Through ancestral character reconstruction of reaction norms, we show that colour plasticity has been largely retained in most species in the genus, but behavioural plasticity was lost and regained at least twice. Furthermore, we show that swarming species do not form a monophyletic group and non-swarming species that are closely related to locusts often express locust-like plastic reaction norms. Thus, we conclude that individual reaction norms have followed different evolutionary trajectories, which have led to the evolutionary transition between grasshoppers and locusts - and vice versa.
format	article
author	Hojun Song Bert Foquet Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Derek A. Woller
author_facet	Hojun Song Bert Foquet Ricardo Mariño-Pérez Derek A. Woller
author_sort	Hojun Song
title	Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
title_short	Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
title_full	Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
title_fullStr	Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
title_full_unstemmed	Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
title_sort	phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/ff43661f9ae444f38d7f7e226fecfda2
work_keys_str_mv	AT hojunsong phylogenyoflocustsandgrasshoppersrevealscomplexevolutionofdensitydependentphenotypicplasticity AT bertfoquet phylogenyoflocustsandgrasshoppersrevealscomplexevolutionofdensitydependentphenotypicplasticity AT ricardomarinoperez phylogenyoflocustsandgrasshoppersrevealscomplexevolutionofdensitydependentphenotypicplasticity AT derekawoller phylogenyoflocustsandgrasshoppersrevealscomplexevolutionofdensitydependentphenotypicplasticity
_version_	1718394196286504960

Phylogeny of locusts and grasshoppers reveals complex evolution of density-dependent phenotypic plasticity

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