Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application

The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), together with loose fruits, in the current mill operation contributes to oil loss and high free fatty acids (FFA), affecting crude palm oil quality. Fruit detachment induced by ethephon and ethylene may mitigate the current processing issues. Thi...

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Autores principales:	Arutchelvam Balakrishnan, Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria, Bee Aik Tan, Jaime Yoke Sum Low, Shwu Fun Kua, Chin Ming Lim, David Ross Appleton
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	oil palm fresh fruit bunches postharvest treatment ethephon ethylene fruit detachment Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ff4432c8effb4b9d83c49e3a8aa6c84d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ff4432c8effb4b9d83c49e3a8aa6c84d2021-11-25T15:57:56ZPostharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application10.3390/agriculture111110302077-0472https://doaj.org/article/ff4432c8effb4b9d83c49e3a8aa6c84d2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/11/1030https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), together with loose fruits, in the current mill operation contributes to oil loss and high free fatty acids (FFA), affecting crude palm oil quality. Fruit detachment induced by ethephon and ethylene may mitigate the current processing issues. This study shows that a 0.50% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ethephon application by the evaporation method induced the highest fruit detachment of 30.8 ± 1.1% after 24 h at room temperature, with the FFA content in the extracted crude palm oil at 0.34 ± 0.09%. Ethephon application was effective on bunches between 14 and 28 kg, and fruit detachment was higher in ripe and underripe bunches at 24.1 ± 0.9% and 23.2 ± 0.1%, respectively. A significant fruit detachment of 47.2 ± 2.4% was achieved when the bunches were also stripped mechanically, but the FFA content increased almost 4-fold, from 1.0 ± 0.2% to 3.8 ± 1.2%. The application of ethylene gas at 750 ppm yielded 29.4 ± 1.9% fruit detachment. The findings present the possibility of using ethylene as an indirect method for minimizing oil loss without increasing the FFA content in future crude palm oil production systems.Arutchelvam BalakrishnanMohd Ibnur Syawal ZakariaBee Aik TanJaime Yoke Sum LowShwu Fun KuaChin Ming LimDavid Ross AppletonMDPI AGarticleoil palmfresh fruit bunchespostharvest treatmentethephonethylenefruit detachmentAgriculture (General)S1-972ENAgriculture, Vol 11, Iss 1030, p 1030 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	oil palm fresh fruit bunches postharvest treatment ethephon ethylene fruit detachment Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	oil palm fresh fruit bunches postharvest treatment ethephon ethylene fruit detachment Agriculture (General) S1-972 Arutchelvam Balakrishnan Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria Bee Aik Tan Jaime Yoke Sum Low Shwu Fun Kua Chin Ming Lim David Ross Appleton Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application
description	The processing of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB), together with loose fruits, in the current mill operation contributes to oil loss and high free fatty acids (FFA), affecting crude palm oil quality. Fruit detachment induced by ethephon and ethylene may mitigate the current processing issues. This study shows that a 0.50% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) ethephon application by the evaporation method induced the highest fruit detachment of 30.8 ± 1.1% after 24 h at room temperature, with the FFA content in the extracted crude palm oil at 0.34 ± 0.09%. Ethephon application was effective on bunches between 14 and 28 kg, and fruit detachment was higher in ripe and underripe bunches at 24.1 ± 0.9% and 23.2 ± 0.1%, respectively. A significant fruit detachment of 47.2 ± 2.4% was achieved when the bunches were also stripped mechanically, but the FFA content increased almost 4-fold, from 1.0 ± 0.2% to 3.8 ± 1.2%. The application of ethylene gas at 750 ppm yielded 29.4 ± 1.9% fruit detachment. The findings present the possibility of using ethylene as an indirect method for minimizing oil loss without increasing the FFA content in future crude palm oil production systems.
format	article
author	Arutchelvam Balakrishnan Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria Bee Aik Tan Jaime Yoke Sum Low Shwu Fun Kua Chin Ming Lim David Ross Appleton
author_facet	Arutchelvam Balakrishnan Mohd Ibnur Syawal Zakaria Bee Aik Tan Jaime Yoke Sum Low Shwu Fun Kua Chin Ming Lim David Ross Appleton
author_sort	Arutchelvam Balakrishnan
title	Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application
title_short	Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application
title_full	Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application
title_fullStr	Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application
title_full_unstemmed	Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application
title_sort	postharvest fruit detachment in oil palm bunches with ethephon and ethylene gas application
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ff4432c8effb4b9d83c49e3a8aa6c84d
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Postharvest Fruit Detachment in Oil Palm Bunches with Ethephon and Ethylene Gas Application

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