Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca

Abstract The entropic brain hypothesis holds that the key facts concerning psychedelics are partially explained in terms of increased entropy of the brain’s functional connectivity. Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage of Amazonian indigenous origin with legal status in Brazil in religious and scient...

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Autores principales:	A. Viol, Fernanda Palhano-Fontes, Heloisa Onias, Draulio B. de Araujo, G. M. Viswanathan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ff481b5ec3ee4dc8884701829d2bd09c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ff481b5ec3ee4dc8884701829d2bd09c2021-12-02T15:05:34ZShannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca10.1038/s41598-017-06854-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ff481b5ec3ee4dc8884701829d2bd09c2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-06854-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The entropic brain hypothesis holds that the key facts concerning psychedelics are partially explained in terms of increased entropy of the brain’s functional connectivity. Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage of Amazonian indigenous origin with legal status in Brazil in religious and scientific settings. In this context, we use tools and concepts from the theory of complex networks to analyze resting state fMRI data of the brains of human subjects under two distinct conditions: (i) under ordinary waking state and (ii) in an altered state of consciousness induced by ingestion of Ayahuasca. We report an increase in the Shannon entropy of the degree distribution of the networks subsequent to Ayahuasca ingestion. We also find increased local and decreased global network integration. Our results are broadly consistent with the entropic brain hypothesis. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of descriptions of “mind-expansion” frequently seen in self-reports of users of psychedelic drugs.A. ViolFernanda Palhano-FontesHeloisa OniasDraulio B. de AraujoG. M. ViswanathanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q A. Viol Fernanda Palhano-Fontes Heloisa Onias Draulio B. de Araujo G. M. Viswanathan Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
description	Abstract The entropic brain hypothesis holds that the key facts concerning psychedelics are partially explained in terms of increased entropy of the brain’s functional connectivity. Ayahuasca is a psychedelic beverage of Amazonian indigenous origin with legal status in Brazil in religious and scientific settings. In this context, we use tools and concepts from the theory of complex networks to analyze resting state fMRI data of the brains of human subjects under two distinct conditions: (i) under ordinary waking state and (ii) in an altered state of consciousness induced by ingestion of Ayahuasca. We report an increase in the Shannon entropy of the degree distribution of the networks subsequent to Ayahuasca ingestion. We also find increased local and decreased global network integration. Our results are broadly consistent with the entropic brain hypothesis. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of descriptions of “mind-expansion” frequently seen in self-reports of users of psychedelic drugs.
format	article
author	A. Viol Fernanda Palhano-Fontes Heloisa Onias Draulio B. de Araujo G. M. Viswanathan
author_facet	A. Viol Fernanda Palhano-Fontes Heloisa Onias Draulio B. de Araujo G. M. Viswanathan
author_sort	A. Viol
title	Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
title_short	Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
title_full	Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
title_fullStr	Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
title_full_unstemmed	Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca
title_sort	shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic ayahuasca
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/ff481b5ec3ee4dc8884701829d2bd09c
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_version_	1718388807825358848

Shannon entropy of brain functional complex networks under the influence of the psychedelic Ayahuasca

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