Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center

Abstract Background Potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are not only crucial for food security and sustenance in Andean communities but are also deeply rooted in the local culture. The crop originated in the Andes, and while a great diversity of potato persists, some landraces have been lost. Local comm...

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Autores principales:	Sophia Lüttringhaus, Willy Pradel, Víctor Suarez, Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero, Noelle L. Anglin, David Ellis, Guy Hareau, Nelissa Jamora, Melinda Smale, Rene Gómez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Peru Potato landraces Repatriation program International Potato Center (CIP) Genebank Food security Agriculture (General) S1-972
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ff9d6d333e80409cb4c9f9c887f75b3d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ff9d6d333e80409cb4c9f9c887f75b3d2021-11-28T12:07:01ZDynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center10.1186/s43170-021-00065-42662-4044https://doaj.org/article/ff9d6d333e80409cb4c9f9c887f75b3d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s43170-021-00065-4https://doaj.org/toc/2662-4044Abstract Background Potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are not only crucial for food security and sustenance in Andean communities but are also deeply rooted in the local culture. The crop originated in the Andes, and while a great diversity of potato persists, some landraces have been lost. Local communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center (CIP) partnered to re-establish some of these landraces in situ by supplying clean seed potatoes to farmers. Over time, the genebank formalized a repatriation program of potato landraces. Repatriation is the process of returning native germplasm back to its place of origin, allowing a dynamic exchange between ex situ and in situ conditions. So far, no comprehensive description of CIP’s repatriation program, the changes it induced, nor its benefits, has been carried out. Methods We addressed this research gap by analyzing CIP genebank distribution data for repatriated accessions, conducting structured interviews with experts of the repatriation program, and applying duration and benefit analyses to a survey dataset of 301 households. Results Between 1997 and 2020, 14,950 samples, representing 1519 accessions, were distributed to 135 communities in Peru. While most households (56%) abandoned the repatriated material by the fourth year after receiving it, the in situ survival probability of the remaining material stabilized between 36% in year 5 and 18% in year 15. Households where the plot manager was over 60 years old were more likely to grow the repatriated landraces for longer periods of times. While male plot management decreased survival times compared to female plot management, higher levels of education, labor force, wealth, food insecurity, and geographic location in the southern part of Peru were associated with greater survival times. Most farmers reported nutritional and cultural benefits as reasons for maintaining landrace material. Repatriated potatoes enabled farmers to conserve potato diversity, and hence, re-establish and broaden culinary diversity and traditions. Conclusions Our study is the first to apply an economic model to analyze the duration of in situ landrace cultivation by custodian farmers. We provide an evidence base that describes the vast scope of the program and its benefits.Sophia LüttringhausWilly PradelVíctor SuarezNorma C. Manrique-CarpinteroNoelle L. AnglinDavid EllisGuy HareauNelissa JamoraMelinda SmaleRene GómezBMCarticlePeruPotato landracesRepatriation programInternational Potato Center (CIP)GenebankFood securityAgriculture (General)S1-972ENCABI Agriculture and Bioscience, Vol 2, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Peru Potato landraces Repatriation program International Potato Center (CIP) Genebank Food security Agriculture (General) S1-972
spellingShingle	Peru Potato landraces Repatriation program International Potato Center (CIP) Genebank Food security Agriculture (General) S1-972 Sophia Lüttringhaus Willy Pradel Víctor Suarez Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero Noelle L. Anglin David Ellis Guy Hareau Nelissa Jamora Melinda Smale Rene Gómez Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center
description	Abstract Background Potato landraces (Solanum spp.) are not only crucial for food security and sustenance in Andean communities but are also deeply rooted in the local culture. The crop originated in the Andes, and while a great diversity of potato persists, some landraces have been lost. Local communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center (CIP) partnered to re-establish some of these landraces in situ by supplying clean seed potatoes to farmers. Over time, the genebank formalized a repatriation program of potato landraces. Repatriation is the process of returning native germplasm back to its place of origin, allowing a dynamic exchange between ex situ and in situ conditions. So far, no comprehensive description of CIP’s repatriation program, the changes it induced, nor its benefits, has been carried out. Methods We addressed this research gap by analyzing CIP genebank distribution data for repatriated accessions, conducting structured interviews with experts of the repatriation program, and applying duration and benefit analyses to a survey dataset of 301 households. Results Between 1997 and 2020, 14,950 samples, representing 1519 accessions, were distributed to 135 communities in Peru. While most households (56%) abandoned the repatriated material by the fourth year after receiving it, the in situ survival probability of the remaining material stabilized between 36% in year 5 and 18% in year 15. Households where the plot manager was over 60 years old were more likely to grow the repatriated landraces for longer periods of times. While male plot management decreased survival times compared to female plot management, higher levels of education, labor force, wealth, food insecurity, and geographic location in the southern part of Peru were associated with greater survival times. Most farmers reported nutritional and cultural benefits as reasons for maintaining landrace material. Repatriated potatoes enabled farmers to conserve potato diversity, and hence, re-establish and broaden culinary diversity and traditions. Conclusions Our study is the first to apply an economic model to analyze the duration of in situ landrace cultivation by custodian farmers. We provide an evidence base that describes the vast scope of the program and its benefits.
format	article
author	Sophia Lüttringhaus Willy Pradel Víctor Suarez Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero Noelle L. Anglin David Ellis Guy Hareau Nelissa Jamora Melinda Smale Rene Gómez
author_facet	Sophia Lüttringhaus Willy Pradel Víctor Suarez Norma C. Manrique-Carpintero Noelle L. Anglin David Ellis Guy Hareau Nelissa Jamora Melinda Smale Rene Gómez
author_sort	Sophia Lüttringhaus
title	Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center
title_short	Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center
title_full	Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center
title_fullStr	Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center
title_full_unstemmed	Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center
title_sort	dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by andean communities and the genebank of the international potato center
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ff9d6d333e80409cb4c9f9c887f75b3d
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Dynamic guardianship of potato landraces by Andean communities and the genebank of the International Potato Center

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