Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia

Abstract A distinct ulcerative dermatitis known as “freshwater skin disease” is an emerging clinical and pathological presentation in coastal cetaceans worldwide. In Australia, two remarkably similar mortality events enabled the creation of a case definition based on pathology and environmental fact...

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Autores principales:	Pádraig J. Duignan, Nahiid S. Stephens, Kate Robb
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ffd29ce4c06749c58aa6edf017c79045
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ffd29ce4c06749c58aa6edf017c790452021-12-02T13:34:09ZFresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia10.1038/s41598-020-78858-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/ffd29ce4c06749c58aa6edf017c790452020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78858-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract A distinct ulcerative dermatitis known as “freshwater skin disease” is an emerging clinical and pathological presentation in coastal cetaceans worldwide. In Australia, two remarkably similar mortality events enabled the creation of a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors. The first affected a community of endemic Tursiops australis in the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, while the second occurred among T. aduncus resident in the Swan-Canning River system, Western Australia. The common features of both events were (1) an abrupt and marked decrease in salinity (from > 30ppt to < 5ppt) due to rainfall in the catchments, with hypo-salinity persisting weeks to months, and (2) dermatitis characterized grossly by patchy skin pallor that progressed to variable circular or targetoid, often raised, and centrally ulcerated lesions covering up to 70% of the body surface. The affected skin was often colonized by a variety of fungal, bacterial and algal species that imparted variable yellow, green or orange discoloration. Histologic lesions consisted of epidermal hydropic change leading to vesiculation and erosion; alternately, or in addition, the formation of intra-epithelial pustules resulting in ulceration and hypodermal necrosis. Thus, the environmental factors and characteristic pathologic lesions, are necessary components of the case definition for freshwater skin disease.Pádraig J. DuignanNahiid S. StephensKate RobbNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Pádraig J. Duignan Nahiid S. Stephens Kate Robb Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia
description	Abstract A distinct ulcerative dermatitis known as “freshwater skin disease” is an emerging clinical and pathological presentation in coastal cetaceans worldwide. In Australia, two remarkably similar mortality events enabled the creation of a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors. The first affected a community of endemic Tursiops australis in the Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, while the second occurred among T. aduncus resident in the Swan-Canning River system, Western Australia. The common features of both events were (1) an abrupt and marked decrease in salinity (from > 30ppt to < 5ppt) due to rainfall in the catchments, with hypo-salinity persisting weeks to months, and (2) dermatitis characterized grossly by patchy skin pallor that progressed to variable circular or targetoid, often raised, and centrally ulcerated lesions covering up to 70% of the body surface. The affected skin was often colonized by a variety of fungal, bacterial and algal species that imparted variable yellow, green or orange discoloration. Histologic lesions consisted of epidermal hydropic change leading to vesiculation and erosion; alternately, or in addition, the formation of intra-epithelial pustules resulting in ulceration and hypodermal necrosis. Thus, the environmental factors and characteristic pathologic lesions, are necessary components of the case definition for freshwater skin disease.
format	article
author	Pádraig J. Duignan Nahiid S. Stephens Kate Robb
author_facet	Pádraig J. Duignan Nahiid S. Stephens Kate Robb
author_sort	Pádraig J. Duignan
title	Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia
title_short	Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia
title_full	Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia
title_fullStr	Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia
title_full_unstemmed	Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia
title_sort	fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in australia
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/ffd29ce4c06749c58aa6edf017c79045
work_keys_str_mv	AT padraigjduignan freshwaterskindiseaseindolphinsacasedefinitionbasedonpathologyandenvironmentalfactorsinaustralia AT nahiidsstephens freshwaterskindiseaseindolphinsacasedefinitionbasedonpathologyandenvironmentalfactorsinaustralia AT katerobb freshwaterskindiseaseindolphinsacasedefinitionbasedonpathologyandenvironmentalfactorsinaustralia
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Fresh water skin disease in dolphins: a case definition based on pathology and environmental factors in Australia

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