Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate

Current diagnostic markers for pulmonary embolism (PE) are unspecific. We investigated the proteome of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in a porcine model of acute PE in order to identify putative diagnostic markers for PE. EBC was collected at baseline and after the induction of autologous inter...

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Autores principales:	Inger Lise Gade, Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz, Rasmus Froberg Brøndum, Benedict Kjærgaard, Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk, Asger Andersen, Søren Risom Kristensen, Bent Honoré
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	pulmonary embolism breath test proteomics diagnosis animal models mass spectrometry Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ffe62b91520a4e33936bc011137314e2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ffe62b91520a4e33936bc011137314e22021-11-11T17:46:50ZPutative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate10.3390/jcm102151652077-0383https://doaj.org/article/ffe62b91520a4e33936bc011137314e22021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/21/5165https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383Current diagnostic markers for pulmonary embolism (PE) are unspecific. We investigated the proteome of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in a porcine model of acute PE in order to identify putative diagnostic markers for PE. EBC was collected at baseline and after the induction of autologous intermediate-risk PE in 14 pigs, plus four negative control pigs. The protein profiles of the EBC were analyzed using label-free quantitative nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 897 proteins were identified in the EBCs from the pigs. Alterations were found in the levels of 145 different proteins after PE compared with the baseline and negative controls: albumin was among the most upregulated proteins, with 14-fold higher levels 2.5 h after PE (<i>p</i>-value: 0.02). The levels of 49 other proteins were between 1.3- and 17.1-fold higher after PE. The levels of 95 proteins were lower after PE. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (fold change 0.3, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01) was among the most reduced proteins 2.5 h after PE. A prediction model based on penalized regression identified five proteins including albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. The model was capable of discriminating baseline samples from EBC samples collected 2.5 h after PE correctly in 22 out of 27 samples. In conclusion, the EBC from pigs with acute PE contained several putative diagnostic markers of PE.Inger Lise GadeJacob Gammelgaard SchultzRasmus Froberg BrøndumBenedict KjærgaardJens Erik Nielsen-KudskAsger AndersenSøren Risom KristensenBent HonoréMDPI AGarticlepulmonary embolismbreath testproteomicsdiagnosisanimal modelsmass spectrometryMedicineRENJournal of Clinical Medicine, Vol 10, Iss 5165, p 5165 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	pulmonary embolism breath test proteomics diagnosis animal models mass spectrometry Medicine R
spellingShingle	pulmonary embolism breath test proteomics diagnosis animal models mass spectrometry Medicine R Inger Lise Gade Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz Rasmus Froberg Brøndum Benedict Kjærgaard Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk Asger Andersen Søren Risom Kristensen Bent Honoré Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
description	Current diagnostic markers for pulmonary embolism (PE) are unspecific. We investigated the proteome of the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in a porcine model of acute PE in order to identify putative diagnostic markers for PE. EBC was collected at baseline and after the induction of autologous intermediate-risk PE in 14 pigs, plus four negative control pigs. The protein profiles of the EBC were analyzed using label-free quantitative nano liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 897 proteins were identified in the EBCs from the pigs. Alterations were found in the levels of 145 different proteins after PE compared with the baseline and negative controls: albumin was among the most upregulated proteins, with 14-fold higher levels 2.5 h after PE (<i>p</i>-value: 0.02). The levels of 49 other proteins were between 1.3- and 17.1-fold higher after PE. The levels of 95 proteins were lower after PE. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (fold change 0.3, <i>p</i>-value < 0.01) was among the most reduced proteins 2.5 h after PE. A prediction model based on penalized regression identified five proteins including albumin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. The model was capable of discriminating baseline samples from EBC samples collected 2.5 h after PE correctly in 22 out of 27 samples. In conclusion, the EBC from pigs with acute PE contained several putative diagnostic markers of PE.
format	article
author	Inger Lise Gade Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz Rasmus Froberg Brøndum Benedict Kjærgaard Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk Asger Andersen Søren Risom Kristensen Bent Honoré
author_facet	Inger Lise Gade Jacob Gammelgaard Schultz Rasmus Froberg Brøndum Benedict Kjærgaard Jens Erik Nielsen-Kudsk Asger Andersen Søren Risom Kristensen Bent Honoré
author_sort	Inger Lise Gade
title	Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
title_short	Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
title_full	Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
title_fullStr	Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
title_full_unstemmed	Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate
title_sort	putative biomarkers for acute pulmonary embolism in exhaled breath condensate
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ffe62b91520a4e33936bc011137314e2
work_keys_str_mv	AT ingerlisegade putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT jacobgammelgaardschultz putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT rasmusfrobergbrøndum putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT benedictkjærgaard putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT jenseriknielsenkudsk putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT asgerandersen putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT sørenrisomkristensen putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate AT benthonore putativebiomarkersforacutepulmonaryembolisminexhaledbreathcondensate
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Putative Biomarkers for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Exhaled Breath Condensate

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