Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.

In oncology research, while xenograft tumor models are easily visualized and humane endpoints can be clearly defined, metastatic tumor models are often based on more subjective clinical observations as endpoints. This study aimed at identifying objective non-invasive criteria for predicting imminent...

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Autores principales:	Caroline B Winn, Seo-Kyoung Hwang, Jeffrey Morin, Crystal T Bluette, Balasubramanian Manickam, Ziyue K Jiang, Anand Giddabasappa, Chang-Ning Liu, Kristin Matthews
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/ffeb8f26e92e49e0b6b88f71e8149d0f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:ffeb8f26e92e49e0b6b88f71e8149d0f2021-12-02T20:08:09ZAutomated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257694https://doaj.org/article/ffeb8f26e92e49e0b6b88f71e8149d0f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257694https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203In oncology research, while xenograft tumor models are easily visualized and humane endpoints can be clearly defined, metastatic tumor models are often based on more subjective clinical observations as endpoints. This study aimed at identifying objective non-invasive criteria for predicting imminent distress and mortality in metastatic lung tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with CT26 or B16F10 cells, respectively. The mice were housed in Vium smart cages to continuously monitor and stream respiratory rate and locomotion for up to 28 days until scheduled euthanasia or humane endpoint criteria were met. Body weight and body temperature were measured during the study. On days 11, 14, 17 and 28, lungs of subsets of animals were microCT imaged in vivo to assess lung metastasis progression and then euthanized for lung microscopic evaluations. Beginning at day 21, most tumor-bearing animals developed increased respiratory rates followed by decreased locomotion 1-2 days later, compared with the baseline values. Increases in respiratory rate did not correlate to surface tumor nodule counts or lung weight. Body weight measurement did not show significant changes from days 14-28 in either tumor-bearing or control animals. We propose that increases in respiratory rate (1.3-1.5 X) can be used to provide an objective benchmark to signal the need for increased clinical observations or euthanasia. Adoption of this novel humane endpoint criterion would allow investigators time to collect tissue samples prior to spontaneous morbidity or death and significantly reduce the distress of mice in the terminal stages of these metastatic lung tumor models.Caroline B WinnSeo-Kyoung HwangJeffrey MorinCrystal T BluetteBalasubramanian ManickamZiyue K JiangAnand GiddabasappaChang-Ning LiuKristin MatthewsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e0257694 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Caroline B Winn Seo-Kyoung Hwang Jeffrey Morin Crystal T Bluette Balasubramanian Manickam Ziyue K Jiang Anand Giddabasappa Chang-Ning Liu Kristin Matthews Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
description	In oncology research, while xenograft tumor models are easily visualized and humane endpoints can be clearly defined, metastatic tumor models are often based on more subjective clinical observations as endpoints. This study aimed at identifying objective non-invasive criteria for predicting imminent distress and mortality in metastatic lung tumor-bearing mice. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with CT26 or B16F10 cells, respectively. The mice were housed in Vium smart cages to continuously monitor and stream respiratory rate and locomotion for up to 28 days until scheduled euthanasia or humane endpoint criteria were met. Body weight and body temperature were measured during the study. On days 11, 14, 17 and 28, lungs of subsets of animals were microCT imaged in vivo to assess lung metastasis progression and then euthanized for lung microscopic evaluations. Beginning at day 21, most tumor-bearing animals developed increased respiratory rates followed by decreased locomotion 1-2 days later, compared with the baseline values. Increases in respiratory rate did not correlate to surface tumor nodule counts or lung weight. Body weight measurement did not show significant changes from days 14-28 in either tumor-bearing or control animals. We propose that increases in respiratory rate (1.3-1.5 X) can be used to provide an objective benchmark to signal the need for increased clinical observations or euthanasia. Adoption of this novel humane endpoint criterion would allow investigators time to collect tissue samples prior to spontaneous morbidity or death and significantly reduce the distress of mice in the terminal stages of these metastatic lung tumor models.
format	article
author	Caroline B Winn Seo-Kyoung Hwang Jeffrey Morin Crystal T Bluette Balasubramanian Manickam Ziyue K Jiang Anand Giddabasappa Chang-Ning Liu Kristin Matthews
author_facet	Caroline B Winn Seo-Kyoung Hwang Jeffrey Morin Crystal T Bluette Balasubramanian Manickam Ziyue K Jiang Anand Giddabasappa Chang-Ning Liu Kristin Matthews
author_sort	Caroline B Winn
title	Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
title_short	Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
title_full	Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
title_fullStr	Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
title_full_unstemmed	Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
title_sort	automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: a refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/ffeb8f26e92e49e0b6b88f71e8149d0f
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Automated monitoring of respiratory rate as a novel humane endpoint: A refinement in mouse metastatic lung cancer models.

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