Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials

Mining is an essential activity for obtaining materials necessary for the well-being and development of society. However, this activity produces important environmental impacts that must be controlled. More specifically, there are different soils near new or abandoned mining productions that have be...

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Autores principales:	Juan María Terrones-Saeta, Jorge Suárez-Macías, Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez, Laura Álvarez de Prado, Marta Menéndez Fernández, Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	retention of potentially toxic elements potentially toxic elements mining-contaminated soils mining waste ceramics circular economy Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/fffef70abcf64846980f0610e7b93dce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:fffef70abcf64846980f0610e7b93dce2021-11-25T18:13:11ZTreatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials10.3390/ma142267401996-1944https://doaj.org/article/fffef70abcf64846980f0610e7b93dce2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/22/6740https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Mining is an essential activity for obtaining materials necessary for the well-being and development of society. However, this activity produces important environmental impacts that must be controlled. More specifically, there are different soils near new or abandoned mining productions that have been contaminated with potentially toxic elements, and currently represent an important environmental problem. In this research, a contaminated soil from the mining district of Linares was studied for its use as a raw material for the conforming of ceramic materials, bricks, dedicated to construction. Firstly, the contaminated soil was chemically and physically characterized in order to evaluate its suitability. Subsequently, different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of clay and contaminated soil. Finally, the conformed ceramics were physically and mechanically characterized to examine the variation produced in the ceramic material by the incorporation of the contaminated soil. In addition, in this research, leachate tests were performed according to the TCLP method determining whether encapsulation of potentially toxic elements in the soil occurs. The results showed that all families of ceramic materials have acceptable physical properties, with a soil percentage of less than 80% being acceptable to obtain adequate mechanical properties and a maximum of 70% of contaminated soil to obtain acceptable leachate according to EPA regulations. Therefore, the maximum percentage of contaminated soil that can be incorporated into the ceramic material is 70% in order to comply with all standards. Consequently, this research not only avoids the contamination that contaminated soil can produce, but also valorizes this element as a raw material for new materials, avoiding the extraction of clay and reducing the environmental impact.Juan María Terrones-SaetaJorge Suárez-MacíasAntonio Bernardo-SánchezLaura Álvarez de PradoMarta Menéndez FernándezFrancisco Antonio Corpas-IglesiasMDPI AGarticleretention of potentially toxic elementspotentially toxic elementsmining-contaminated soilsmining wasteceramicscircular economyTechnologyTElectrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineeringTK1-9971Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040MicroscopyQH201-278.5Descriptive and experimental mechanicsQC120-168.85ENMaterials, Vol 14, Iss 6740, p 6740 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	retention of potentially toxic elements potentially toxic elements mining-contaminated soils mining waste ceramics circular economy Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85
spellingShingle	retention of potentially toxic elements potentially toxic elements mining-contaminated soils mining waste ceramics circular economy Technology T Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering TK1-9971 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Microscopy QH201-278.5 Descriptive and experimental mechanics QC120-168.85 Juan María Terrones-Saeta Jorge Suárez-Macías Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez Laura Álvarez de Prado Marta Menéndez Fernández Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials
description	Mining is an essential activity for obtaining materials necessary for the well-being and development of society. However, this activity produces important environmental impacts that must be controlled. More specifically, there are different soils near new or abandoned mining productions that have been contaminated with potentially toxic elements, and currently represent an important environmental problem. In this research, a contaminated soil from the mining district of Linares was studied for its use as a raw material for the conforming of ceramic materials, bricks, dedicated to construction. Firstly, the contaminated soil was chemically and physically characterized in order to evaluate its suitability. Subsequently, different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of clay and contaminated soil. Finally, the conformed ceramics were physically and mechanically characterized to examine the variation produced in the ceramic material by the incorporation of the contaminated soil. In addition, in this research, leachate tests were performed according to the TCLP method determining whether encapsulation of potentially toxic elements in the soil occurs. The results showed that all families of ceramic materials have acceptable physical properties, with a soil percentage of less than 80% being acceptable to obtain adequate mechanical properties and a maximum of 70% of contaminated soil to obtain acceptable leachate according to EPA regulations. Therefore, the maximum percentage of contaminated soil that can be incorporated into the ceramic material is 70% in order to comply with all standards. Consequently, this research not only avoids the contamination that contaminated soil can produce, but also valorizes this element as a raw material for new materials, avoiding the extraction of clay and reducing the environmental impact.
format	article
author	Juan María Terrones-Saeta Jorge Suárez-Macías Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez Laura Álvarez de Prado Marta Menéndez Fernández Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
author_facet	Juan María Terrones-Saeta Jorge Suárez-Macías Antonio Bernardo-Sánchez Laura Álvarez de Prado Marta Menéndez Fernández Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
author_sort	Juan María Terrones-Saeta
title	Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_short	Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_full	Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_fullStr	Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_full_unstemmed	Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials
title_sort	treatment of soil contaminated by mining activities to prevent contamination by encapsulation in ceramic construction materials
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/fffef70abcf64846980f0610e7b93dce
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Treatment of Soil Contaminated by Mining Activities to Prevent Contamination by Encapsulation in Ceramic Construction Materials

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