Genética de los desórdenes adictivos

Given the spectacular advances of genetics during the last five years, it seems appropriate to revisit the important subject of genetics of alcoholism and substance abuse. In recent studies alcohol abuse was shown to have an heredability of roughly 38%, whereas psychostimulant and opiate use exhibit...

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Autores principales:	Rothhammer E,Francisco, Rothhammer A,Paula, Llop R,Elena
Lenguaje:	Spanish / Castilian
Publicado:	Sociedad Médica de Santiago 2000
Materias:	Behavior addictive Genetics behavioral medical
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872000001100014
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0034-988720000011000142001-01-29Genética de los desórdenes adictivosRothhammer E,FranciscoRothhammer A,PaulaLlop R,Elena Behavior addictive Genetics behavioral Genetics medical Given the spectacular advances of genetics during the last five years, it seems appropriate to revisit the important subject of genetics of alcoholism and substance abuse. In recent studies alcohol abuse was shown to have an heredability of roughly 38%, whereas psychostimulant and opiate use exhibit heredabilities of 11 to 45%. The heredability of smoking was found to be around 50%. There is a strong comorbidity between alcoholism and smoking. More than 80% of alcoholics smoke cigarettes in the U.S.A.. Other genetic methods such as linkage analysis, allele sharing methods, association studies and analysis of inbred, transgenic and gene-knockout rodents, have partially agreed in showing that the 5HT-IB serotonin receptor and the DRDI, DRD2 and DRD4 dopamine receptors, as well as the dopamine transporter DAT, play an important role in behaviors related to alcoholism and substance abuse. Some neurochemical markers, as for example monoamine oxidase and adenylate cyclase have also been implicated in addictive disorders. The aldehyde dehydrogenase allele ALDH2*2 has a protective effect against alcoholism. Two whole genome linkage studies have shown linkage to chromosomal regions that are in the proximity of the DRD4 dopamine receptor, the GABA receptor gene cluster and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster (Rev Méd Chile 2000; 128: 1279-82)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Médica de SantiagoRevista médica de Chile v.128 n.11 20002000-11-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872000001100014es10.4067/S0034-98872000001100014
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	Spanish / Castilian
topic	Behavior addictive Genetics behavioral Genetics medical
spellingShingle	Behavior addictive Genetics behavioral Genetics medical Rothhammer E,Francisco Rothhammer A,Paula Llop R,Elena Genética de los desórdenes adictivos
description	Given the spectacular advances of genetics during the last five years, it seems appropriate to revisit the important subject of genetics of alcoholism and substance abuse. In recent studies alcohol abuse was shown to have an heredability of roughly 38%, whereas psychostimulant and opiate use exhibit heredabilities of 11 to 45%. The heredability of smoking was found to be around 50%. There is a strong comorbidity between alcoholism and smoking. More than 80% of alcoholics smoke cigarettes in the U.S.A.. Other genetic methods such as linkage analysis, allele sharing methods, association studies and analysis of inbred, transgenic and gene-knockout rodents, have partially agreed in showing that the 5HT-IB serotonin receptor and the DRDI, DRD2 and DRD4 dopamine receptors, as well as the dopamine transporter DAT, play an important role in behaviors related to alcoholism and substance abuse. Some neurochemical markers, as for example monoamine oxidase and adenylate cyclase have also been implicated in addictive disorders. The aldehyde dehydrogenase allele ALDH2*2 has a protective effect against alcoholism. Two whole genome linkage studies have shown linkage to chromosomal regions that are in the proximity of the DRD4 dopamine receptor, the GABA receptor gene cluster and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster (Rev Méd Chile 2000; 128: 1279-82)
author	Rothhammer E,Francisco Rothhammer A,Paula Llop R,Elena
author_facet	Rothhammer E,Francisco Rothhammer A,Paula Llop R,Elena
author_sort	Rothhammer E,Francisco
title	Genética de los desórdenes adictivos
title_short	Genética de los desórdenes adictivos
title_full	Genética de los desórdenes adictivos
title_fullStr	Genética de los desórdenes adictivos
title_full_unstemmed	Genética de los desórdenes adictivos
title_sort	genética de los desórdenes adictivos
publisher	Sociedad Médica de Santiago
publishDate	2000
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872000001100014
work_keys_str_mv	AT rothhammerefrancisco geneticadelosdesordenesadictivos AT rothhammerapaula geneticadelosdesordenesadictivos AT lloprelena geneticadelosdesordenesadictivos
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Genética de los desórdenes adictivos

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