Rumen microorganisms and fermentation

The rumen consists of a complex ecosystem where nutrients consumed by ruminants are digested by fermentation process, which is executed by diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. A symbiotic relationship is found among different groups of microorganisms due to the diverse natur...

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Autores principales:	Castillo-González,AR, Burrola-Barraza,ME, Domínguez-Viveros,J, Chávez-Martínez,A
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile 2014
Materias:	additives ruminal microorganisms symbiosis
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-732X2014000300003
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0301-732X20140003000032015-01-14Rumen microorganisms and fermentationCastillo-González,ARBurrola-Barraza,MEDomínguez-Viveros,JChávez-Martínez,A additives ruminal microorganisms symbiosis The rumen consists of a complex ecosystem where nutrients consumed by ruminants are digested by fermentation process, which is executed by diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. A symbiotic relationship is found among different groups of microorganisms due to the diverse nature of these microbial species and their adaptability and interactions also coexist. The ruminant provides the necessary environment for the establishment of such microorganisms, while the microorganisms obtain energy from the host animal from microbial fermentation end products. Within the ruminal ecosystem, the microorganisms coexist in a reduced environment and pH remains close to neutral. Rumen microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of substrates contained in thedietof the animals (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids). However, the fermentation process is not 100% effective because there are energy losses mainly in the form of methane gas (CH4), which is a problem for the environment since it is a greenhouse gas. In order to improve the efficiency of ruminant production systems, nutritional strategies that aim to manipulate ruminal fermentation using additives in the diet such as monensin, tallow, buffers, nitrogen compounds, probiotics, and others have been used. These additives allow changing the ruminal fermentation process in ways that produce better growth efficiency while decreasing energy loss. The purpose of this review is to contribute to a better understanding of the fermentation processes taking place in the rumen, providing information that can be applied in the development of new nutritional strategies for the improvement of the digestion process to achieve maximum production.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessFacultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de ChileArchivos de medicina veterinaria v.46 n.3 20142014-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-732X2014000300003en10.4067/S0301-732X2014000300003
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	additives ruminal microorganisms symbiosis
spellingShingle	additives ruminal microorganisms symbiosis Castillo-González,AR Burrola-Barraza,ME Domínguez-Viveros,J Chávez-Martínez,A Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
description	The rumen consists of a complex ecosystem where nutrients consumed by ruminants are digested by fermentation process, which is executed by diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. A symbiotic relationship is found among different groups of microorganisms due to the diverse nature of these microbial species and their adaptability and interactions also coexist. The ruminant provides the necessary environment for the establishment of such microorganisms, while the microorganisms obtain energy from the host animal from microbial fermentation end products. Within the ruminal ecosystem, the microorganisms coexist in a reduced environment and pH remains close to neutral. Rumen microorganisms are involved in the fermentation of substrates contained in thedietof the animals (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids). However, the fermentation process is not 100% effective because there are energy losses mainly in the form of methane gas (CH4), which is a problem for the environment since it is a greenhouse gas. In order to improve the efficiency of ruminant production systems, nutritional strategies that aim to manipulate ruminal fermentation using additives in the diet such as monensin, tallow, buffers, nitrogen compounds, probiotics, and others have been used. These additives allow changing the ruminal fermentation process in ways that produce better growth efficiency while decreasing energy loss. The purpose of this review is to contribute to a better understanding of the fermentation processes taking place in the rumen, providing information that can be applied in the development of new nutritional strategies for the improvement of the digestion process to achieve maximum production.
author	Castillo-González,AR Burrola-Barraza,ME Domínguez-Viveros,J Chávez-Martínez,A
author_facet	Castillo-González,AR Burrola-Barraza,ME Domínguez-Viveros,J Chávez-Martínez,A
author_sort	Castillo-González,AR
title	Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
title_short	Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
title_full	Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
title_fullStr	Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
title_full_unstemmed	Rumen microorganisms and fermentation
title_sort	rumen microorganisms and fermentation
publisher	Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile
publishDate	2014
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-732X2014000300003
work_keys_str_mv	AT castillogonzalezar rumenmicroorganismsandfermentation AT burrolabarrazame rumenmicroorganismsandfermentation AT dominguezviverosj rumenmicroorganismsandfermentation AT chavezmartineza rumenmicroorganismsandfermentation
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Rumen microorganisms and fermentation

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