Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool

The analysis of feces is a fundamental tool for field work, especially to identify the presence of certain species in an area. Fecal bile acids and their relative concentration follow patterns that are species-specific, and can be characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This technique has...

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Autores principales:	ARAUJO,M. SOLEDAD, CIUCCIO,MARIANO, CAZON,ADA V, CASANAVE,EMMA B
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2010
Materias:	conservation fecal bile acids TLC Xenarthra
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-078X20100004000092011-04-08Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological toolARAUJO,M. SOLEDADCIUCCIO,MARIANOCAZON,ADA VCASANAVE,EMMA B conservation fecal bile acids TLC Xenarthra The analysis of feces is a fundamental tool for field work, especially to identify the presence of certain species in an area. Fecal bile acids and their relative concentration follow patterns that are species-specific, and can be characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This technique has been used for differentiating feces of several mammal species; however it has never been used for Xenarthra species. In this work, 96 feces of Xenarthra species were analyzed by TLC to determine the bile acid pattern. The species were: Zaedyus pichiy (n = 10), Chaetophractus vellerosus (n = 5), Chaetophractus villosus (n = 57), Dasypus kybridus (n = 4), Priodontes maximus (n = 2), Tamanduá tetradactyla (n = 14) and Myrmecophaga tridactyla (n = 4). There were differences between the bile acid patterns of all the species, but not between males and females, nor between wild and captive animals of the same species. We found seven known bile acids, cholesterol and seven unidentified compounds (X1-X7). All the species had taurocholic, glycochenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids, and cholesterol. Only C. villosus had deoxycholic acid (Rf: 0.30 ± 0.01). Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus and C. villosus had two or three bands of dehydrocholic acid (Rf between 0.29 ± 0.06 and 0.45 ± 0.02), while the other species had one or two. Z. pichiy had two unidentified bile acids, X6 (Rf: 0.85 ± 0.06) and X7 (Rf 0.93 ± 0.03), that were almost indistinguishable in other species. D. hybridus differed from Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus and C villosus because it did not have chenodeoxycholic acid and X7. T. tetradactyla was the only species without cholic acid and it differed from M. tridactyla because it had dehydrocholic acid. D. hybridus was the species with the lowest number of compounds (seven), and differed from the others because it did not have the X1 and X5 unidentified compounds. These results are the first for Xenarthra and would be very important for fu ture studies about the conservation and the ecophysiology of the group.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileRevista chilena de historia natural v.83 n.4 20102010-12-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2010000400009en10.4067/S0716-078X2010000400009
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	conservation fecal bile acids TLC Xenarthra
spellingShingle	conservation fecal bile acids TLC Xenarthra ARAUJO,M. SOLEDAD CIUCCIO,MARIANO CAZON,ADA V CASANAVE,EMMA B Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
description	The analysis of feces is a fundamental tool for field work, especially to identify the presence of certain species in an area. Fecal bile acids and their relative concentration follow patterns that are species-specific, and can be characterized by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This technique has been used for differentiating feces of several mammal species; however it has never been used for Xenarthra species. In this work, 96 feces of Xenarthra species were analyzed by TLC to determine the bile acid pattern. The species were: Zaedyus pichiy (n = 10), Chaetophractus vellerosus (n = 5), Chaetophractus villosus (n = 57), Dasypus kybridus (n = 4), Priodontes maximus (n = 2), Tamanduá tetradactyla (n = 14) and Myrmecophaga tridactyla (n = 4). There were differences between the bile acid patterns of all the species, but not between males and females, nor between wild and captive animals of the same species. We found seven known bile acids, cholesterol and seven unidentified compounds (X1-X7). All the species had taurocholic, glycochenodeoxycholic and lithocholic acids, and cholesterol. Only C. villosus had deoxycholic acid (Rf: 0.30 ± 0.01). Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus and C. villosus had two or three bands of dehydrocholic acid (Rf between 0.29 ± 0.06 and 0.45 ± 0.02), while the other species had one or two. Z. pichiy had two unidentified bile acids, X6 (Rf: 0.85 ± 0.06) and X7 (Rf 0.93 ± 0.03), that were almost indistinguishable in other species. D. hybridus differed from Z. pichiy, C. vellerosus and C villosus because it did not have chenodeoxycholic acid and X7. T. tetradactyla was the only species without cholic acid and it differed from M. tridactyla because it had dehydrocholic acid. D. hybridus was the species with the lowest number of compounds (seven), and differed from the others because it did not have the X1 and X5 unidentified compounds. These results are the first for Xenarthra and would be very important for fu ture studies about the conservation and the ecophysiology of the group.
author	ARAUJO,M. SOLEDAD CIUCCIO,MARIANO CAZON,ADA V CASANAVE,EMMA B
author_facet	ARAUJO,M. SOLEDAD CIUCCIO,MARIANO CAZON,ADA V CASANAVE,EMMA B
author_sort	ARAUJO,M. SOLEDAD
title	Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
title_short	Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
title_full	Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
title_fullStr	Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
title_full_unstemmed	Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool
title_sort	differentiation of xenarthra (mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: an ecological tool
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2010
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2010000400009
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Differentiation of Xenarthra (Mammalia) species through the identification of their fecal bile acid patterns: An ecological tool

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