Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)

We analyzed the relationship of landscape and environmental features on the genetic differentiation of Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) in the Altiplano of Antofagasta (Chile). We performed three types of analyses at different spatial scales: (1) Considering all populations; (2) Grouping populati...

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Autores principales:	GALLARDO,CAROLINA E, HERNÁNDEZ,HÉCTOR J, DINIZ-FILHO,JOSÉ A. F, PALMA,R. EDUARDO, MÉNDEZ,MARCO A
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2011
Materias:	altiplano amphibian landscape genetics least cost models mtDNA
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2011000300007
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-078X20110003000072011-12-26Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)GALLARDO,CAROLINA EHERNÁNDEZ,HÉCTOR JDINIZ-FILHO,JOSÉ A. FPALMA,R. EDUARDOMÉNDEZ,MARCO A altiplano amphibian landscape genetics least cost models mtDNA We analyzed the relationship of landscape and environmental features on the genetic differentiation of Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) in the Altiplano of Antofagasta (Chile). We performed three types of analyses at different spatial scales: (1) Considering all populations; (2) Grouping populations by watershed and by sub-watershed; and (3) Using the results of a spatial analysis of molecular variation (SAMOVA). Landscape features were incorporated using Geographic Information Systems, with three hypothetical dispersal models: (1) Euclidean distance (null model); (2) Least cost based on wetland locations; and (3) Least cost based on least slopes. We also included differences in temperature, precipitation and altitude among localities. The Akaike information criterion was used to select the best model and the relative importance of each variable in the model was estimated with partial regressions. We found a high genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.693) and isolation by distance (r = 0.767). AMOVA showed that the watersheds explained 8.67 % of the genetic variance and sub-watersheds 35.99 %. At the largest spatial scale, considering all populations, the model that best explained genetic differentiation included Euclidean distance, altitude and annual precipitation. At a smaller scale, in two of three sub-watersheds (Río San Pedro and Salar de Atacama) the genetic differentiation was best explained by landscape variables (principally temperature and altitude). At the smallest scale, considering those populations that have diverged recently detected by SAMOVA, the genetic differentiation was best explained by the wetland-based route and annual precipitation. This approach revealed the importance of landscape features in the colonization of R. spinulosa in this zone.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileRevista chilena de historia natural v.84 n.3 20112011-09-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2011000300007en10.4067/S0716-078X2011000300007
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	altiplano amphibian landscape genetics least cost models mtDNA
spellingShingle	altiplano amphibian landscape genetics least cost models mtDNA GALLARDO,CAROLINA E HERNÁNDEZ,HÉCTOR J DINIZ-FILHO,JOSÉ A. F PALMA,R. EDUARDO MÉNDEZ,MARCO A Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)
description	We analyzed the relationship of landscape and environmental features on the genetic differentiation of Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) in the Altiplano of Antofagasta (Chile). We performed three types of analyses at different spatial scales: (1) Considering all populations; (2) Grouping populations by watershed and by sub-watershed; and (3) Using the results of a spatial analysis of molecular variation (SAMOVA). Landscape features were incorporated using Geographic Information Systems, with three hypothetical dispersal models: (1) Euclidean distance (null model); (2) Least cost based on wetland locations; and (3) Least cost based on least slopes. We also included differences in temperature, precipitation and altitude among localities. The Akaike information criterion was used to select the best model and the relative importance of each variable in the model was estimated with partial regressions. We found a high genetic differentiation among populations (Fst = 0.693) and isolation by distance (r = 0.767). AMOVA showed that the watersheds explained 8.67 % of the genetic variance and sub-watersheds 35.99 %. At the largest spatial scale, considering all populations, the model that best explained genetic differentiation included Euclidean distance, altitude and annual precipitation. At a smaller scale, in two of three sub-watersheds (Río San Pedro and Salar de Atacama) the genetic differentiation was best explained by landscape variables (principally temperature and altitude). At the smallest scale, considering those populations that have diverged recently detected by SAMOVA, the genetic differentiation was best explained by the wetland-based route and annual precipitation. This approach revealed the importance of landscape features in the colonization of R. spinulosa in this zone.
author	GALLARDO,CAROLINA E HERNÁNDEZ,HÉCTOR J DINIZ-FILHO,JOSÉ A. F PALMA,R. EDUARDO MÉNDEZ,MARCO A
author_facet	GALLARDO,CAROLINA E HERNÁNDEZ,HÉCTOR J DINIZ-FILHO,JOSÉ A. F PALMA,R. EDUARDO MÉNDEZ,MARCO A
author_sort	GALLARDO,CAROLINA E
title	Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)
title_short	Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)
title_full	Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)
title_fullStr	Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)
title_full_unstemmed	Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)
title_sort	relationship between the genetic structure of the andean toad rhinella spinulosa (anura: bufonidae) and the northern chile landscape (21°- 24° s)
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2011
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2011000300007
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Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S)

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