Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation

Prosopis tamarugo Phil. is a legume tree native to the Atacama Desert, Chile. Tamarugo has physiological characteristics that are highly adapted to extreme life conditions in the Pampa del Tamarugal. Null precipitation makes tamarugo completely dependent on groundwater, developing in areas where the...

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Autores principales:	Calderon,Gabriela, Garrido,Marco, Acevedo,Edmundo
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2015
Materias:	Native tree Adaptation Ground water exploitation Ground water depth Physiological mechanisms Thresholds for conservation
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2015000100018
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-078X20150001000182015-12-21Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservationCalderon,GabrielaGarrido,MarcoAcevedo,Edmundo Native tree Adaptation Ground water exploitation Ground water depth Physiological mechanisms Thresholds for conservation Prosopis tamarugo Phil. is a legume tree native to the Atacama Desert, Chile. Tamarugo has physiological characteristics that are highly adapted to extreme life conditions in the Pampa del Tamarugal. Null precipitation makes tamarugo completely dependent on groundwater, developing in areas where the groundwater depth is closest to the surface. Groundwater extraction for domestic consumption, mining, and agriculture affects the desert ecosystem by lowering the water table. Measuring and describing the impacts on vegetation through the monitoring of physiological variables along with groundwater depletion in salt flats where extraction wells are located has contributed to a better understanding of tamarugo response to this stress factor. Integrated variables such as green canopy fraction, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),18O isotope enrichment in foliar tissue, and twig growth proved to be far more reactive toward groundwater depth increase and presented lower error values. These variables respond to mechanisms that tamarugo has to maintain a stable water condition when water offer (water table depth (WTD)) decreases regarding water demand (transpiration). Defoliation along with twig growth diminishment would combine toward a canopy reduction strategy in order to reduce water demand. Green biomass loss, beyond a certain WTD, would lead to complete drying of the tamarugo. Up to 10 m of groundwater table depth, Tamarugo grows, has photosynthetic activity, and has the ability to perform pulvinary movements. Beyond 20 m of water table depth, tamarugo survival is compromised and hydraulic failure is inferred to occur. The current scenario is of groundwater over-exploitation; if economic efforts will be made to conserve and/or restore tamarugo, habitat groundwater extraction is a key element in effective management. Reaching of the thresholds depends on the adequate authority management of groundwater. The objectives of this review are (a) to review information collected from scientific studies regarding tamarugo condition and its response, over time, to WTD increase, (b) to identify WTD thresholds that affect tamarugo's functioning, and (c) to propose a sequence of physiological events triggered by groundwater (GW) depletion.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileRevista chilena de historia natural v.88 20152015-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2015000100018en10.1186/S40693-015-0048-0
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Native tree Adaptation Ground water exploitation Ground water depth Physiological mechanisms Thresholds for conservation
spellingShingle	Native tree Adaptation Ground water exploitation Ground water depth Physiological mechanisms Thresholds for conservation Calderon,Gabriela Garrido,Marco Acevedo,Edmundo Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
description	Prosopis tamarugo Phil. is a legume tree native to the Atacama Desert, Chile. Tamarugo has physiological characteristics that are highly adapted to extreme life conditions in the Pampa del Tamarugal. Null precipitation makes tamarugo completely dependent on groundwater, developing in areas where the groundwater depth is closest to the surface. Groundwater extraction for domestic consumption, mining, and agriculture affects the desert ecosystem by lowering the water table. Measuring and describing the impacts on vegetation through the monitoring of physiological variables along with groundwater depletion in salt flats where extraction wells are located has contributed to a better understanding of tamarugo response to this stress factor. Integrated variables such as green canopy fraction, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI),18O isotope enrichment in foliar tissue, and twig growth proved to be far more reactive toward groundwater depth increase and presented lower error values. These variables respond to mechanisms that tamarugo has to maintain a stable water condition when water offer (water table depth (WTD)) decreases regarding water demand (transpiration). Defoliation along with twig growth diminishment would combine toward a canopy reduction strategy in order to reduce water demand. Green biomass loss, beyond a certain WTD, would lead to complete drying of the tamarugo. Up to 10 m of groundwater table depth, Tamarugo grows, has photosynthetic activity, and has the ability to perform pulvinary movements. Beyond 20 m of water table depth, tamarugo survival is compromised and hydraulic failure is inferred to occur. The current scenario is of groundwater over-exploitation; if economic efforts will be made to conserve and/or restore tamarugo, habitat groundwater extraction is a key element in effective management. Reaching of the thresholds depends on the adequate authority management of groundwater. The objectives of this review are (a) to review information collected from scientific studies regarding tamarugo condition and its response, over time, to WTD increase, (b) to identify WTD thresholds that affect tamarugo's functioning, and (c) to propose a sequence of physiological events triggered by groundwater (GW) depletion.
author	Calderon,Gabriela Garrido,Marco Acevedo,Edmundo
author_facet	Calderon,Gabriela Garrido,Marco Acevedo,Edmundo
author_sort	Calderon,Gabriela
title	Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
title_short	Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
title_full	Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
title_fullStr	Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
title_full_unstemmed	Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
title_sort	prosopis tamarugo phil.: a native tree from the atacama desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2015
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2015000100018
work_keys_str_mv	AT calderongabriela prosopistamarugophilanativetreefromtheatacamadesertgroundwatertabledepththresholdsforconservation AT garridomarco prosopistamarugophilanativetreefromtheatacamadesertgroundwatertabledepththresholdsforconservation AT acevedoedmundo prosopistamarugophilanativetreefromtheatacamadesertgroundwatertabledepththresholdsforconservation
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Prosopis tamarugo Phil.: a native tree from the Atacama Desert groundwater table depth thresholds for conservation

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