Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile

Abstract Background: Chile is the second largest avocado producer in the world. However, there have been few studies on interactions between native bees and avocado pollination in a Chilean environment. The flowering period of avocado is very sensitive to temperature fluctuations and so environment...

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Autores principales:	Monzón,Víctor H., Avendaño-Soto,Patricio, Araujo,Rodrigo O., Garrido,Rubén, Mesquita-Neto,José N.
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2020
Materias:	Temperature Mediterranean Apis mellifera Persea americana Pollination
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2020000100203
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-078X20200001002032020-08-13Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of ChileMonzón,Víctor H.Avendaño-Soto,PatricioAraujo,Rodrigo O.Garrido,RubénMesquita-Neto,José N. Temperature Mediterranean Apis mellifera Persea americana Pollination Abstract Background: Chile is the second largest avocado producer in the world. However, there have been few studies on interactions between native bees and avocado pollination in a Chilean environment. The flowering period of avocado is very sensitive to temperature fluctuations and so environmental conditions, particularly cool temperatures, can have a strong influence on its floral behaviour. Thus, we aimed to determine whether temperature also influences bee visitation rates to avocado flowers or if this was due to the number of available flowers. Moreover, we proposed to verify the attractiveness of avocado flowers to native bees and compare flower handling time and type of floral resource collected between managed and native bees. Methods: An avocado orchard of “Hass” cultivar located in the Mediterranean region of Chile was studied during the flowering season of 2016. The frequency of exotic and native bee species in flowers, floral phenology, and environmental temperature were analysed, and the foraging behaviours of exotic and native bee species in avocado flowers compared. Results: Five Chilean native and two exotic species were recorded visiting avocado flowers at the studied orchard. The bees generally sought nectar rather than pollen. The European honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) was the most frequent flower visitor, followed by the native species Colletes cyanescens and Cadeguala occidentalis . There was a strong positive correlation between temperature and number of visits, but no significant correlation between number of open flowers and number of visits. Conclusions: Native Chilean bees visited avocado flowers and some of them were frequent floral visitors. They generally sought for nectar rather than pollen and were as fast as honeybees handling avocado flowers. The environmental temperature plays a key role in the frequency of bees in avocado flowers. The warmer weather is related to the higher number of bees visits to avocado flowers.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileRevista chilena de historia natural v.93 20202020-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2020000100203en10.1186/s40693-020-00092-x
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Temperature Mediterranean Apis mellifera Persea americana Pollination
spellingShingle	Temperature Mediterranean Apis mellifera Persea americana Pollination Monzón,Víctor H. Avendaño-Soto,Patricio Araujo,Rodrigo O. Garrido,Rubén Mesquita-Neto,José N. Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
description	Abstract Background: Chile is the second largest avocado producer in the world. However, there have been few studies on interactions between native bees and avocado pollination in a Chilean environment. The flowering period of avocado is very sensitive to temperature fluctuations and so environmental conditions, particularly cool temperatures, can have a strong influence on its floral behaviour. Thus, we aimed to determine whether temperature also influences bee visitation rates to avocado flowers or if this was due to the number of available flowers. Moreover, we proposed to verify the attractiveness of avocado flowers to native bees and compare flower handling time and type of floral resource collected between managed and native bees. Methods: An avocado orchard of “Hass” cultivar located in the Mediterranean region of Chile was studied during the flowering season of 2016. The frequency of exotic and native bee species in flowers, floral phenology, and environmental temperature were analysed, and the foraging behaviours of exotic and native bee species in avocado flowers compared. Results: Five Chilean native and two exotic species were recorded visiting avocado flowers at the studied orchard. The bees generally sought nectar rather than pollen. The European honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) was the most frequent flower visitor, followed by the native species Colletes cyanescens and Cadeguala occidentalis . There was a strong positive correlation between temperature and number of visits, but no significant correlation between number of open flowers and number of visits. Conclusions: Native Chilean bees visited avocado flowers and some of them were frequent floral visitors. They generally sought for nectar rather than pollen and were as fast as honeybees handling avocado flowers. The environmental temperature plays a key role in the frequency of bees in avocado flowers. The warmer weather is related to the higher number of bees visits to avocado flowers.
author	Monzón,Víctor H. Avendaño-Soto,Patricio Araujo,Rodrigo O. Garrido,Rubén Mesquita-Neto,José N.
author_facet	Monzón,Víctor H. Avendaño-Soto,Patricio Araujo,Rodrigo O. Garrido,Rubén Mesquita-Neto,José N.
author_sort	Monzón,Víctor H.
title	Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
title_short	Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
title_full	Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
title_fullStr	Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
title_full_unstemmed	Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile
title_sort	avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of chile
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2020
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2020000100203
work_keys_str_mv	AT monzonvictorh avocadocropsasafloralresourcefornativebeesofchile AT avendanosotopatricio avocadocropsasafloralresourcefornativebeesofchile AT araujorodrigoo avocadocropsasafloralresourcefornativebeesofchile AT garridoruben avocadocropsasafloralresourcefornativebeesofchile AT mesquitanetojosen avocadocropsasafloralresourcefornativebeesofchile
_version_	1718439711262900224

Avocado crops as a floral resource for native bees of Chile

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