Free radical chemistry in biological systems

Mitochondria are an active source of the free radical superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO), whose production accounts for about 2% and 0.5% respectively, of mitochondrial O2 uptake under physiological conditions. Superoxide is produced by the auto-oxidation of the semiquinones of ubiquinol and the...

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Autores principales:	VALDEZ,LAURA B, LORES ARNAIZ,SILVIA, BUSTAMANTE,JUANITA, ALVAREZ,SILVIA, COSTA,LIDIA E, BOVERIS,ALBERTO
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2000
Materias:	Superoxide radical nitric oxide peroxynitrite mitochondria apoptosis aging
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602000000200005
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-976020000002000052010-02-11Free radical chemistry in biological systemsVALDEZ,LAURA BLORES ARNAIZ,SILVIABUSTAMANTE,JUANITAALVAREZ,SILVIACOSTA,LIDIA EBOVERIS,ALBERTO Superoxide radical nitric oxide peroxynitrite mitochondria apoptosis aging Mitochondria are an active source of the free radical superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO), whose production accounts for about 2% and 0.5% respectively, of mitochondrial O2 uptake under physiological conditions. Superoxide is produced by the auto-oxidation of the semiquinones of ubiquinol and the NADH dehydrogenase flavin and NO by the enzymatic action of the nitric oxide synthase of the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtNOS). Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity in competition with O2. The balance between NO production and its utilization results in a NO intramitochondrial steady-state concentration of 20-50 nM, which regulates mitochondrial O2 uptake and energy supply. The regulation of cellular respiration and energy production by NO and its ability to switch the pathway of cell death from apoptosis to necrosis in physiological and pathological conditions could take place primarily through the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production. Nitric oxide reacts with O2- in a termination reaction in the mitochondrial matrix, yielding peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which is a strong oxidizing and nitrating species. This reaction accounts for approximately 85% of the rate of mitochondrial NO utilization in aerobic conditions. Mitochondrial aging by oxyradical- and peroxynitrite-induced damage would occur through selective mtDNA damage and protein inactivation, leading to dysfunctional mitochondria unable to keep membrane potential and ATP synthesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileBiological Research v.33 n.2 20002000-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602000000200005en10.4067/S0716-97602000000200005
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Superoxide radical nitric oxide peroxynitrite mitochondria apoptosis aging
spellingShingle	Superoxide radical nitric oxide peroxynitrite mitochondria apoptosis aging VALDEZ,LAURA B LORES ARNAIZ,SILVIA BUSTAMANTE,JUANITA ALVAREZ,SILVIA COSTA,LIDIA E BOVERIS,ALBERTO Free radical chemistry in biological systems
description	Mitochondria are an active source of the free radical superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO), whose production accounts for about 2% and 0.5% respectively, of mitochondrial O2 uptake under physiological conditions. Superoxide is produced by the auto-oxidation of the semiquinones of ubiquinol and the NADH dehydrogenase flavin and NO by the enzymatic action of the nitric oxide synthase of the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtNOS). Nitric oxide reversibly inhibits cytochrome oxidase activity in competition with O2. The balance between NO production and its utilization results in a NO intramitochondrial steady-state concentration of 20-50 nM, which regulates mitochondrial O2 uptake and energy supply. The regulation of cellular respiration and energy production by NO and its ability to switch the pathway of cell death from apoptosis to necrosis in physiological and pathological conditions could take place primarily through the inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production. Nitric oxide reacts with O2- in a termination reaction in the mitochondrial matrix, yielding peroxynitrite (ONOO-), which is a strong oxidizing and nitrating species. This reaction accounts for approximately 85% of the rate of mitochondrial NO utilization in aerobic conditions. Mitochondrial aging by oxyradical- and peroxynitrite-induced damage would occur through selective mtDNA damage and protein inactivation, leading to dysfunctional mitochondria unable to keep membrane potential and ATP synthesis
author	VALDEZ,LAURA B LORES ARNAIZ,SILVIA BUSTAMANTE,JUANITA ALVAREZ,SILVIA COSTA,LIDIA E BOVERIS,ALBERTO
author_facet	VALDEZ,LAURA B LORES ARNAIZ,SILVIA BUSTAMANTE,JUANITA ALVAREZ,SILVIA COSTA,LIDIA E BOVERIS,ALBERTO
author_sort	VALDEZ,LAURA B
title	Free radical chemistry in biological systems
title_short	Free radical chemistry in biological systems
title_full	Free radical chemistry in biological systems
title_fullStr	Free radical chemistry in biological systems
title_full_unstemmed	Free radical chemistry in biological systems
title_sort	free radical chemistry in biological systems
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2000
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602000000200005
work_keys_str_mv	AT valdezlaurab freeradicalchemistryinbiologicalsystems AT loresarnaizsilvia freeradicalchemistryinbiologicalsystems AT bustamantejuanita freeradicalchemistryinbiologicalsystems AT alvarezsilvia freeradicalchemistryinbiologicalsystems AT costalidiae freeradicalchemistryinbiologicalsystems AT boverisalberto freeradicalchemistryinbiologicalsystems
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Free radical chemistry in biological systems

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