Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution

We examined 103 nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 env gene, sampled from 35 countries and tested: I) the random (neutral) distribution of the number of nucleotide changes; II) the proportion of bases at molecular equilibrium; III) the neutral expected homogeneity of the distribution of new fxated ba...

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Autores principales:	Valenzuela,Carlos Y, Flores,Sergio V, Cisternas,Javier
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2010
Materias:	Bose-Einstein distribution fxations HIV-1 env gene neutral evolution pan-selective evolution
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602010000200002
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-976020100002000022010-09-24Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolutionValenzuela,Carlos YFlores,Sergio VCisternas,Javier Bose-Einstein distribution fxations HIV-1 env gene neutral evolution pan-selective evolution We examined 103 nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 env gene, sampled from 35 countries and tested: I) the random (neutral) distribution of the number of nucleotide changes; II) the proportion of bases at molecular equilibrium; III) the neutral expected homogeneity of the distribution of new fxated bases; IV) the hypothesis of the neighbor infuence on the mutation rates in a site. The expected random number of fxations per site was estimated by Bose-Einstein statistics, and the expected frequencies of bases by matrices of mutation-fxation rates. The homogeneity of new fxations was analyzed using χ2 and trinomial tests for homogeneity. Fixations of the central base in trinucleotides were used to test the neighbor infuence on base substitutions. Neither the number of fxations nor the frequencies of bases ftted the expected neutral distribution. There was a highly signifcant heterogeneity in the distribution of new fxations, and several sites showed more transversions than transitions, showing that each nucleotide site has its own pattern of change. These three independent results make the neutral theory, the nearly neutral and the neighbor infuence hypotheses untenable and indicate that evolution of env is rather highly selective.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileBiological Research v.43 n.2 20102010-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602010000200002en10.4067/S0716-97602010000200002
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Bose-Einstein distribution fxations HIV-1 env gene neutral evolution pan-selective evolution
spellingShingle	Bose-Einstein distribution fxations HIV-1 env gene neutral evolution pan-selective evolution Valenzuela,Carlos Y Flores,Sergio V Cisternas,Javier Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution
description	We examined 103 nucleotide sequences of the HIV-1 env gene, sampled from 35 countries and tested: I) the random (neutral) distribution of the number of nucleotide changes; II) the proportion of bases at molecular equilibrium; III) the neutral expected homogeneity of the distribution of new fxated bases; IV) the hypothesis of the neighbor infuence on the mutation rates in a site. The expected random number of fxations per site was estimated by Bose-Einstein statistics, and the expected frequencies of bases by matrices of mutation-fxation rates. The homogeneity of new fxations was analyzed using χ2 and trinomial tests for homogeneity. Fixations of the central base in trinucleotides were used to test the neighbor infuence on base substitutions. Neither the number of fxations nor the frequencies of bases ftted the expected neutral distribution. There was a highly signifcant heterogeneity in the distribution of new fxations, and several sites showed more transversions than transitions, showing that each nucleotide site has its own pattern of change. These three independent results make the neutral theory, the nearly neutral and the neighbor infuence hypotheses untenable and indicate that evolution of env is rather highly selective.
author	Valenzuela,Carlos Y Flores,Sergio V Cisternas,Javier
author_facet	Valenzuela,Carlos Y Flores,Sergio V Cisternas,Javier
author_sort	Valenzuela,Carlos Y
title	Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution
title_short	Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution
title_full	Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution
title_fullStr	Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution
title_full_unstemmed	Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution
title_sort	fixations of the hiv-1 env gene refute neutralism: new evidence for pan-selective evolution
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2010
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602010000200002
work_keys_str_mv	AT valenzuelacarlosy fixationsofthehiv1envgenerefuteneutralismnewevidenceforpanselectiveevolution AT floressergiov fixationsofthehiv1envgenerefuteneutralismnewevidenceforpanselectiveevolution AT cisternasjavier fixationsofthehiv1envgenerefuteneutralismnewevidenceforpanselectiveevolution
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Fixations of the HIV-1 env gene refute neutralism: New evidence for pan-selective evolution

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