Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer
BACKGROUND: Restricted space and close contact with conspecifics in captivity may be stressful for musk deer, as they are highly territorial and solitary in the wild. So we tested the effects of crowding on stress of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in heterosexual groups, using fecal cortisol...
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| Lenguaje: | English |
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Sociedad de Biología de Chile
2014
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oai:scielo:S0716-976020140001000712015-10-30Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deerHe,LanWang,Wen-XiaLi,Lin-HaiLiu,Bao-QingLiu,GangLiu,Shu-QiangQi,LeiHu,De-Fu Captivity M. berezovskii Fecal cortisol Chronic stress Crowding BACKGROUND: Restricted space and close contact with conspecifics in captivity may be stressful for musk deer, as they are highly territorial and solitary in the wild. So we tested the effects of crowding on stress of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in heterosexual groups, using fecal cortisol analysis as a non-invasive method. 32 healthy adults during non-breeding seasons were chose as our experimental objects. Group 1 was defined as higher crowding condition, with 10-15 m²/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂); group 2 was defined as lower crowding condition, with 23-33 m²/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂). Every enclosure contained 1 male and 3 female. These patterns had been existed for years. RESULTS: The results showed that females in lower crowding condition (217.1 ± 9.5 ug/g) had significantly higher fecal cortisol levels than those in higher crowding condition (177.2 ± 12.1 ug/g). Interestingly, crowding seemed have no effect on male fecal cortisol levels (148.1 ± 9.1 ug/g and 140.5 ± 13.3 ug/g, respectively). At both groups, cortisol was significantly lower in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that chronic crowding may affect stress status of captive forest musk deer. The captive environment should consider the space need for musk deer.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileBiological Research v.47 20142014-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602014000100071en10.1186/0717-6287-47-48 |
| institution |
Scielo Chile |
| collection |
Scielo Chile |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Captivity M. berezovskii Fecal cortisol Chronic stress Crowding |
| spellingShingle |
Captivity M. berezovskii Fecal cortisol Chronic stress Crowding He,Lan Wang,Wen-Xia Li,Lin-Hai Liu,Bao-Qing Liu,Gang Liu,Shu-Qiang Qi,Lei Hu,De-Fu Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| description |
BACKGROUND: Restricted space and close contact with conspecifics in captivity may be stressful for musk deer, as they are highly territorial and solitary in the wild. So we tested the effects of crowding on stress of forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) in heterosexual groups, using fecal cortisol analysis as a non-invasive method. 32 healthy adults during non-breeding seasons were chose as our experimental objects. Group 1 was defined as higher crowding condition, with 10-15 m²/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂); group 2 was defined as lower crowding condition, with 23-33 m²/deer (6 enclosures, 10♀ and 6♂). Every enclosure contained 1 male and 3 female. These patterns had been existed for years. RESULTS: The results showed that females in lower crowding condition (217.1 ± 9.5 ug/g) had significantly higher fecal cortisol levels than those in higher crowding condition (177.2 ± 12.1 ug/g). Interestingly, crowding seemed have no effect on male fecal cortisol levels (148.1 ± 9.1 ug/g and 140.5 ± 13.3 ug/g, respectively). At both groups, cortisol was significantly lower in males than in females. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that chronic crowding may affect stress status of captive forest musk deer. The captive environment should consider the space need for musk deer. |
| author |
He,Lan Wang,Wen-Xia Li,Lin-Hai Liu,Bao-Qing Liu,Gang Liu,Shu-Qiang Qi,Lei Hu,De-Fu |
| author_facet |
He,Lan Wang,Wen-Xia Li,Lin-Hai Liu,Bao-Qing Liu,Gang Liu,Shu-Qiang Qi,Lei Hu,De-Fu |
| author_sort |
He,Lan |
| title |
Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| title_short |
Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| title_full |
Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| title_fullStr |
Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| title_sort |
effects of crowding and sex on fecal cortisol levels of captive forest musk deer |
| publisher |
Sociedad de Biología de Chile |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602014000100071 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718441527032676352 |