Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation

Abstract The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been considered for more than 20 years as a premier model organ– ism for biological sciences, also being the main microorganism used in wide industrial applications, like alcoholic fermentation in the winemaking process. Grape juice i...

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Autores principales:	Kessi–Pérez,Eduardo I., Molinet,Jennifer, Martínez,Claudio
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2020
Materias:	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wine yeasts Nitrogen consumption Wine fermentation Natural variation Wild alleles QTL mapping GWAS ASE TORC1 pathway
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602020000100501
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-976020200001005012020-06-25Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentationKessi–Pérez,Eduardo I.Molinet,JenniferMartínez,Claudio Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wine yeasts Nitrogen consumption Wine fermentation Natural variation Wild alleles QTL mapping GWAS ASE TORC1 pathway Abstract The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been considered for more than 20 years as a premier model organ– ism for biological sciences, also being the main microorganism used in wide industrial applications, like alcoholic fermentation in the winemaking process. Grape juice is a challenging environment for S. cerevisiae , with nitrogen deficiencies impairing fermentation rate and yeast biomass production, causing stuck or sluggish fermentations, thus generating sizeable economic losses for wine industry. In the present review, we summarize some recent efforts in the search of causative genes that account for yeast adaptation to low nitrogen environments, specially focused in wine fermentation conditions. We start presenting a brief perspective of yeast nitrogen utilization under wine fermentative conditions, highlighting yeast preference for some nitrogen sources above others. Then, we give an outlook of S. cerevisiae genetic diversity studies, paying special attention to efforts in genome sequencing for population structure determination and presenting QTL mapping as a powerful tool for phenotype–genotype correlations. Finally, we do a recapitulation of S. cerevisiae natural diversity related to low nitrogen adaptation, specially showing how different studies have left in evidence the central role of the TORC1 signalling pathway in nitrogen utilization and positioned wild S. cerevisiae strains as a reservoir of beneficial alleles with potential industrial applications (e.g. improvement of industrial yeasts for wine production). More studies focused in disentangling the genetic bases of S. cerevisiae adaptation in wine fermentation will be key to determine the domestication effects over low nitrogen adaptation, as well as to definitely proof that wild S. cerevisiae strains have potential genetic determinants for better adaptation to low nitrogen conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileBiological Research v.53 20202020-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602020000100501en10.1186/s40659-019-0270-3
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wine yeasts Nitrogen consumption Wine fermentation Natural variation Wild alleles QTL mapping GWAS ASE TORC1 pathway
spellingShingle	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wine yeasts Nitrogen consumption Wine fermentation Natural variation Wild alleles QTL mapping GWAS ASE TORC1 pathway Kessi–Pérez,Eduardo I. Molinet,Jennifer Martínez,Claudio Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
description	Abstract The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been considered for more than 20 years as a premier model organ– ism for biological sciences, also being the main microorganism used in wide industrial applications, like alcoholic fermentation in the winemaking process. Grape juice is a challenging environment for S. cerevisiae , with nitrogen deficiencies impairing fermentation rate and yeast biomass production, causing stuck or sluggish fermentations, thus generating sizeable economic losses for wine industry. In the present review, we summarize some recent efforts in the search of causative genes that account for yeast adaptation to low nitrogen environments, specially focused in wine fermentation conditions. We start presenting a brief perspective of yeast nitrogen utilization under wine fermentative conditions, highlighting yeast preference for some nitrogen sources above others. Then, we give an outlook of S. cerevisiae genetic diversity studies, paying special attention to efforts in genome sequencing for population structure determination and presenting QTL mapping as a powerful tool for phenotype–genotype correlations. Finally, we do a recapitulation of S. cerevisiae natural diversity related to low nitrogen adaptation, specially showing how different studies have left in evidence the central role of the TORC1 signalling pathway in nitrogen utilization and positioned wild S. cerevisiae strains as a reservoir of beneficial alleles with potential industrial applications (e.g. improvement of industrial yeasts for wine production). More studies focused in disentangling the genetic bases of S. cerevisiae adaptation in wine fermentation will be key to determine the domestication effects over low nitrogen adaptation, as well as to definitely proof that wild S. cerevisiae strains have potential genetic determinants for better adaptation to low nitrogen conditions.
author	Kessi–Pérez,Eduardo I. Molinet,Jennifer Martínez,Claudio
author_facet	Kessi–Pérez,Eduardo I. Molinet,Jennifer Martínez,Claudio
author_sort	Kessi–Pérez,Eduardo I.
title	Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
title_short	Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
title_full	Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
title_fullStr	Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
title_full_unstemmed	Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
title_sort	disentangling the genetic bases of saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2020
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602020000100501
work_keys_str_mv	AT kessi8211perezeduardoi disentanglingthegeneticbasesofsaccharomycescerevisiaenitrogenconsumptionandadaptationtolownitrogenenvironmentsinwinefermentation AT molinetjennifer disentanglingthegeneticbasesofsaccharomycescerevisiaenitrogenconsumptionandadaptationtolownitrogenenvironmentsinwinefermentation AT martinezclaudio disentanglingthegeneticbasesofsaccharomycescerevisiaenitrogenconsumptionandadaptationtolownitrogenenvironmentsinwinefermentation
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Disentangling the genetic bases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nitrogen consumption and adaptation to low nitrogen environments in wine fermentation

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