Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation

Abstract Background: Apple is one of the oldest and most valuable fruits. Water restriction is one of the major problems in the production of this fruit in some planting areas. Methods: Effects of kaolin spray treatments were studied on two early apple cultivars of Golab and Shafi-Abadi under sust...

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Autores principales:	Faghih,Somayeh, Zamani,Zabihollah, Fatahi,Reza, Omidi,Mohammad
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad de Biología de Chile 2021
Materias:	Drought stress Malondialdehyde Proline Fruit weight Fruit firmness Soluble solids
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602021000100201
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0716-976020210001002012021-03-15Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigationFaghih,SomayehZamani,ZabihollahFatahi,RezaOmidi,Mohammad Drought stress Malondialdehyde Proline Fruit weight Fruit firmness Soluble solids Abstract Background: Apple is one of the oldest and most valuable fruits. Water restriction is one of the major problems in the production of this fruit in some planting areas. Methods: Effects of kaolin spray treatments were studied on two early apple cultivars of Golab and Shafi-Abadi under sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in Alborz province, Iran during 2017 and 2018. Irrigation treatments were 100%, 85%, and 70% ETc and kaolin application were concentrations of 0, 3 and 6% in 2017 and 0, 1.5 and 3% in 2018. Results: Results showed that 85% ETc treatment compared to other irrigation treatments improved apple tree crown volume in 2017. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly reduced fruit weight in both years. Application with 6% kaolin resulted in 33.3% increase in apple fruit weight compared to non-kaolin treatment at 100% ETc irrigation in the first year. Severe deficit irrigation (70% ETc) significantly reduced apple fruit length in both years, but 6% kaolin increased fruit length in both apple cultivars in 2017. Severe deficit irrigation treatment increased the firmness of apple fruit compared to control and mild deficit irrigation (85% ETc) in the first year of experiment. There was no significant difference between irrigation treatments for apple fruit firmness in the second year of experiment. Kaolin treatments of 1.5% and 3% at full irrigation increased the soluble solids content of apple fruit by 36.6% and 44.1% in 2018, respectively. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly increased leaf proline content compared to control in both years. In the first year, kaolin treatments increased leaf proline but in the second year, leaf proline was not significant. Deficit irrigation treatment of 70% ETc and 6% kaolin had the highest amount of glycine betaine content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in apple leaf in the first year of experiment. Conclusions: Severe deficit irrigation stress (70% ETc) increased the activity of nonenzymatic defense systems of apple trees. Kaolin as a drought stress reducing agent can be recommended in apple orchards of Golab and Shafi-Abadi cultivars as an effective and inexpensive method to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad de Biología de ChileBiological Research v.54 20212021-01-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602021000100201en10.1186/s40659-020-00325-z
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Drought stress Malondialdehyde Proline Fruit weight Fruit firmness Soluble solids
spellingShingle	Drought stress Malondialdehyde Proline Fruit weight Fruit firmness Soluble solids Faghih,Somayeh Zamani,Zabihollah Fatahi,Reza Omidi,Mohammad Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
description	Abstract Background: Apple is one of the oldest and most valuable fruits. Water restriction is one of the major problems in the production of this fruit in some planting areas. Methods: Effects of kaolin spray treatments were studied on two early apple cultivars of Golab and Shafi-Abadi under sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) in Alborz province, Iran during 2017 and 2018. Irrigation treatments were 100%, 85%, and 70% ETc and kaolin application were concentrations of 0, 3 and 6% in 2017 and 0, 1.5 and 3% in 2018. Results: Results showed that 85% ETc treatment compared to other irrigation treatments improved apple tree crown volume in 2017. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly reduced fruit weight in both years. Application with 6% kaolin resulted in 33.3% increase in apple fruit weight compared to non-kaolin treatment at 100% ETc irrigation in the first year. Severe deficit irrigation (70% ETc) significantly reduced apple fruit length in both years, but 6% kaolin increased fruit length in both apple cultivars in 2017. Severe deficit irrigation treatment increased the firmness of apple fruit compared to control and mild deficit irrigation (85% ETc) in the first year of experiment. There was no significant difference between irrigation treatments for apple fruit firmness in the second year of experiment. Kaolin treatments of 1.5% and 3% at full irrigation increased the soluble solids content of apple fruit by 36.6% and 44.1% in 2018, respectively. Deficit irrigation treatments significantly increased leaf proline content compared to control in both years. In the first year, kaolin treatments increased leaf proline but in the second year, leaf proline was not significant. Deficit irrigation treatment of 70% ETc and 6% kaolin had the highest amount of glycine betaine content, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide in apple leaf in the first year of experiment. Conclusions: Severe deficit irrigation stress (70% ETc) increased the activity of nonenzymatic defense systems of apple trees. Kaolin as a drought stress reducing agent can be recommended in apple orchards of Golab and Shafi-Abadi cultivars as an effective and inexpensive method to improve tolerance to drought stress conditions.
author	Faghih,Somayeh Zamani,Zabihollah Fatahi,Reza Omidi,Mohammad
author_facet	Faghih,Somayeh Zamani,Zabihollah Fatahi,Reza Omidi,Mohammad
author_sort	Faghih,Somayeh
title	Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
title_short	Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
title_full	Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
title_fullStr	Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
title_full_unstemmed	Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
title_sort	infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation
publisher	Sociedad de Biología de Chile
publishDate	2021
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602021000100201
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Infuence of kaolin application on most important fruit and leaf characteristics of two apple cultivars under sustained defcit irrigation

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