Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review

Background: Chitin is an important natural resource. The annual worldwide production is estimated in approximately 10(10)-10(12) ton. It is produced by arthropods (insects and crustaceans), molluscs and fungi. Its main biological function is structural. Crustacean shells are the most important chiti...

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Autores principales:	Gortari,María Cecilia, Hours,Roque Alberto
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso 2013
Materias:	biological extraction chitin production crustacean waste
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582013000300014
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-345820130003000142013-08-22Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-reviewGortari,María CeciliaHours,Roque Alberto biological extraction chitin production crustacean waste Background: Chitin is an important natural resource. The annual worldwide production is estimated in approximately 10(10)-10(12) ton. It is produced by arthropods (insects and crustaceans), molluscs and fungi. Its main biological function is structural. Crustacean shells are the most important chitin source for commercial use due to its high content and ready availability. Chitin and its derivatives have great economical value because of their numerous applications: food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile industries, waste water treatment and agriculture. In nature, chitin is closely associated with proteins, minerals, lipid and pigments, which have to be removed. Results: Several techniques to extract chitin from different sources have been reported. The most common method for recovery of chitin from crustacean shells is the chemical procedure. It involves two mayor steps: elimination of inorganic matter (demineralization) and extraction of protein matter (deproteination) using strong acids and bases. However, these processes may cause depolymerization affecting the polymer properties such as molecular weight, viscosity and degree of acetylation. In addition, the chemical purification of chitin is hazardous, energy consuming and threatening to the environment. As an alternative to the chemical process, different biological processes have been investigated: microbiological fermentation and methodologies using enzymatic crude extracts or isolated enzymes. Conclusions: The results reported are extremely variable; however, they offer new perspectives for the production of chitin with the concomitant reduction of the environmental impact.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoElectronic Journal of Biotechnology v.16 n.3 20132013-05-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582013000300014en10.2225/vol16-issue3-fulltext-10
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	biological extraction chitin production crustacean waste
spellingShingle	biological extraction chitin production crustacean waste Gortari,María Cecilia Hours,Roque Alberto Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review
description	Background: Chitin is an important natural resource. The annual worldwide production is estimated in approximately 10(10)-10(12) ton. It is produced by arthropods (insects and crustaceans), molluscs and fungi. Its main biological function is structural. Crustacean shells are the most important chitin source for commercial use due to its high content and ready availability. Chitin and its derivatives have great economical value because of their numerous applications: food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile industries, waste water treatment and agriculture. In nature, chitin is closely associated with proteins, minerals, lipid and pigments, which have to be removed. Results: Several techniques to extract chitin from different sources have been reported. The most common method for recovery of chitin from crustacean shells is the chemical procedure. It involves two mayor steps: elimination of inorganic matter (demineralization) and extraction of protein matter (deproteination) using strong acids and bases. However, these processes may cause depolymerization affecting the polymer properties such as molecular weight, viscosity and degree of acetylation. In addition, the chemical purification of chitin is hazardous, energy consuming and threatening to the environment. As an alternative to the chemical process, different biological processes have been investigated: microbiological fermentation and methodologies using enzymatic crude extracts or isolated enzymes. Conclusions: The results reported are extremely variable; however, they offer new perspectives for the production of chitin with the concomitant reduction of the environmental impact.
author	Gortari,María Cecilia Hours,Roque Alberto
author_facet	Gortari,María Cecilia Hours,Roque Alberto
author_sort	Gortari,María Cecilia
title	Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review
title_short	Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review
title_full	Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review
title_fullStr	Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review
title_full_unstemmed	Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review
title_sort	biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: a mini-review
publisher	Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
publishDate	2013
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582013000300014
work_keys_str_mv	AT gortarimariacecilia biotechnologicalprocessesforchitinrecoveryoutofcrustaceanwasteaminireview AT hoursroquealberto biotechnologicalprocessesforchitinrecoveryoutofcrustaceanwasteaminireview
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Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review

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