The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi

Background: Many buildings in Egypt e.g. museums, mosques and churches, do not possess controlled environments for minimizing the risks of damage of wooden artifacts due to the growth of fungi. Fungal damage usually appears as change in wood color, appearance of stains, and sometimes deformation of...

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Autores principales:	El-Gamal,Rehab, Nikolaivits,Efstratios, Zervakis,Georgios I, Abdel-Maksoud,Gomaa, Topakas,Evangelos, Christakopoulos,Paul
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso 2016
Materias:	Archeological wood Chitosan protection Crystallinity index Damage of wooden artifacts Filamentous fungi FTIR Fungal damage Prevention of fungal growth UV spectrophotometry Wood deterioration XRD
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582016000600011
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-345820160006000112017-01-25The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungiEl-Gamal,RehabNikolaivits,EfstratiosZervakis,Georgios IAbdel-Maksoud,GomaaTopakas,EvangelosChristakopoulos,Paul Archeological wood Chitosan protection Crystallinity index Damage of wooden artifacts Filamentous fungi FTIR Fungal damage Prevention of fungal growth UV spectrophotometry Wood deterioration XRD Background: Many buildings in Egypt e.g. museums, mosques and churches, do not possess controlled environments for minimizing the risks of damage of wooden artifacts due to the growth of fungi. Fungal damage usually appears as change in wood color, appearance of stains, and sometimes deformation of wooden surfaces. In this study we focused on the effect that some fungi exert on the properties of wooden artifacts and evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of chitosan on their protection against damage by mold fungi. Results: Samples were collected from different monuments and environments, and fungi growing on them were isolated and identified. The isolated Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavus and /Aspergillus niger strains were used for the infestation of new pitch pine samples. The results revealed that the lightness of samples infected with any of the tested fungi decreased with increasing incubation times. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of incubated samples treated individually with the different concentrations of chitosan was lower than the crystallinity of infected samples. The crystallinity index measured by the first and the second method decreased after the first and second months but increased after the third and fourth months. This may due to the reducing of amorphous part by enzymes or acids produced by fungi in wooden samples. Conclusions: The growth of fungi on the treated wood samples decreased with increasing the concentration of chitosan. Hence, it was demonstrated that chitosan prevented fungal growth, and its use could be recommended for the protection of archeological wooden artifacts.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPontificia Universidad Católica de ValparaísoElectronic Journal of Biotechnology v.19 n.6 20162016-11-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582016000600011en10.1016/j.ejbt.2016.10.006
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Archeological wood Chitosan protection Crystallinity index Damage of wooden artifacts Filamentous fungi FTIR Fungal damage Prevention of fungal growth UV spectrophotometry Wood deterioration XRD
spellingShingle	Archeological wood Chitosan protection Crystallinity index Damage of wooden artifacts Filamentous fungi FTIR Fungal damage Prevention of fungal growth UV spectrophotometry Wood deterioration XRD El-Gamal,Rehab Nikolaivits,Efstratios Zervakis,Georgios I Abdel-Maksoud,Gomaa Topakas,Evangelos Christakopoulos,Paul The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
description	Background: Many buildings in Egypt e.g. museums, mosques and churches, do not possess controlled environments for minimizing the risks of damage of wooden artifacts due to the growth of fungi. Fungal damage usually appears as change in wood color, appearance of stains, and sometimes deformation of wooden surfaces. In this study we focused on the effect that some fungi exert on the properties of wooden artifacts and evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of chitosan on their protection against damage by mold fungi. Results: Samples were collected from different monuments and environments, and fungi growing on them were isolated and identified. The isolated Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus flavus and /Aspergillus niger strains were used for the infestation of new pitch pine samples. The results revealed that the lightness of samples infected with any of the tested fungi decreased with increasing incubation times. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of incubated samples treated individually with the different concentrations of chitosan was lower than the crystallinity of infected samples. The crystallinity index measured by the first and the second method decreased after the first and second months but increased after the third and fourth months. This may due to the reducing of amorphous part by enzymes or acids produced by fungi in wooden samples. Conclusions: The growth of fungi on the treated wood samples decreased with increasing the concentration of chitosan. Hence, it was demonstrated that chitosan prevented fungal growth, and its use could be recommended for the protection of archeological wooden artifacts.
author	El-Gamal,Rehab Nikolaivits,Efstratios Zervakis,Georgios I Abdel-Maksoud,Gomaa Topakas,Evangelos Christakopoulos,Paul
author_facet	El-Gamal,Rehab Nikolaivits,Efstratios Zervakis,Georgios I Abdel-Maksoud,Gomaa Topakas,Evangelos Christakopoulos,Paul
author_sort	El-Gamal,Rehab
title	The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
title_short	The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
title_full	The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
title_fullStr	The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
title_full_unstemmed	The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
title_sort	use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi
publisher	Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
publishDate	2016
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582016000600011
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The use of chitosan in protecting wooden artifacts from damage by mold fungi

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