THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY

This paper explains what Shimada has termed a holistic approach to craft production and illustrates its value by discussing insights gained into the style, technology, and organization of Middle and Late Sicán (ca. AD 900-1,375) mining and copper-arsenic metallurgy. After a brief characterization of...

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Autores principales:	Shimada,Izumi, Craig,Alan K
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Universidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. Departamento de Antropología 2013
Materias:	Sicán holistic approach copper-arsenic Andean archaeometallurgy
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-73562013000100001
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-735620130001000012013-07-24THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDYShimada,IzumiCraig,Alan K Sicán holistic approach copper-arsenic Andean archaeometallurgy This paper explains what Shimada has termed a holistic approach to craft production and illustrates its value by discussing insights gained into the style, technology, and organization of Middle and Late Sicán (ca. AD 900-1,375) mining and copper-arsenic metallurgy. After a brief characterization of the geographical and cultural settings of pertinent research by the Sicán Archaeological Project (1978-present) and the holistic approach, we discuss specific methods and strategies for locating and dating pre-Hispanic mines. Based on our examination of eight mines in the study area that supplied copper oxides and/or arsenic-bearing ores, we offer a general characterization of Sicán mining, emphasizing the integral character of local mining and autochthonous copper-arsenic alloy (also called arsenical bronze) production at nearby smelting sites (six excavated to date). Our analyses of primary context samples of ore and smelting products and by-products recovered at smelting sites show that copper-arsenic was deliberately and locally smelted and that arsenic was derived from scorodite (oxide form of arsenopyrite) and/or weathered sulfide ores available near the surface of local mines. Additionally, we discuss insights gained into careful and sustainable charcoal fuel management and the "modular organization" of metallurgical and other productive activities.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessUniversidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. Departamento de AntropologíaChungará (Arica) v.45 n.1 20132013-03-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-73562013000100001en10.4067/S0717-73562013000100001
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Sicán holistic approach copper-arsenic Andean archaeometallurgy
spellingShingle	Sicán holistic approach copper-arsenic Andean archaeometallurgy Shimada,Izumi Craig,Alan K THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY
description	This paper explains what Shimada has termed a holistic approach to craft production and illustrates its value by discussing insights gained into the style, technology, and organization of Middle and Late Sicán (ca. AD 900-1,375) mining and copper-arsenic metallurgy. After a brief characterization of the geographical and cultural settings of pertinent research by the Sicán Archaeological Project (1978-present) and the holistic approach, we discuss specific methods and strategies for locating and dating pre-Hispanic mines. Based on our examination of eight mines in the study area that supplied copper oxides and/or arsenic-bearing ores, we offer a general characterization of Sicán mining, emphasizing the integral character of local mining and autochthonous copper-arsenic alloy (also called arsenical bronze) production at nearby smelting sites (six excavated to date). Our analyses of primary context samples of ore and smelting products and by-products recovered at smelting sites show that copper-arsenic was deliberately and locally smelted and that arsenic was derived from scorodite (oxide form of arsenopyrite) and/or weathered sulfide ores available near the surface of local mines. Additionally, we discuss insights gained into careful and sustainable charcoal fuel management and the "modular organization" of metallurgical and other productive activities.
author	Shimada,Izumi Craig,Alan K
author_facet	Shimada,Izumi Craig,Alan K
author_sort	Shimada,Izumi
title	THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY
title_short	THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY
title_full	THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY
title_fullStr	THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY
title_full_unstemmed	THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY
title_sort	style, technology and organization of sicán mining and metallurgy, northern peru: insights from holistic study
publisher	Universidad de Tarapacá. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas. Departamento de Antropología
publishDate	2013
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-73562013000100001
work_keys_str_mv	AT shimadaizumi thestyletechnologyandorganizationofsicanminingandmetallurgynorthernperuinsightsfromholisticstudy AT craigalank thestyletechnologyandorganizationofsicanminingandmetallurgynorthernperuinsightsfromholisticstudy AT shimadaizumi styletechnologyandorganizationofsicanminingandmetallurgynorthernperuinsightsfromholisticstudy AT craigalank styletechnologyandorganizationofsicanminingandmetallurgynorthernperuinsightsfromholisticstudy
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THE STYLE, TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION OF SICÁN MINING AND METALLURGY, NORTHERN PERU: INSIGHTS FROM HOLISTIC STUDY

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