The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb

The digital flexor muscles of the thoracic limb of four llamas were dissected and illustrated to provide data about the suspensory (support) apparatus and weight bearing structures. An extensive literature search was performed and yielded incomplete information about these anatomical structures. The...

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Autores principales:	Constantinescu,Gheorghe Mircea, Reed,Shannon Kelly, Constantinescu,Ileana Anghelina
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2008
Materias:	Digital flexor muscles Suspensory/stay apparatus Thoracic limb Lama glama
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022008000300006
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220080003000062009-03-13The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic LimbConstantinescu,Gheorghe MirceaReed,Shannon KellyConstantinescu,Ileana Anghelina Digital flexor muscles Suspensory/stay apparatus Thoracic limb Lama glama The digital flexor muscles of the thoracic limb of four llamas were dissected and illustrated to provide data about the suspensory (support) apparatus and weight bearing structures. An extensive literature search was performed and yielded incomplete information about these anatomical structures. The popularity of the llama world wide as a domesticated animal used for show and fiber has increased in the recent years. It is helpful to describe the anatomy fully to aid in understanding of the species and treatment of pathologic conditions. The description of the anatomical structures and the original illustrations demónstrate genuine peculiarities and differences between the llama and domestic ruminants. In llamas, the three heads of the deep digital flexor muscle (DDF) originate and connect with each other in a very peculiar combination, with one tendon receiving an attachment from the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU). The superficial digital flexor muscle (SDF) has a thin tendon which is fused with the palmar fascia and then broadens. There are no interflexor muscles. Additionally, unexpected lumbricalis muscles are found in the distal limb and vary in number between the fore and hind limb. The anatomy of the suspensory apparatus in the thoracic limb is evaluated in this paper.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.26 n.3 20082008-09-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022008000300006en10.4067/S0717-95022008000300006
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Digital flexor muscles Suspensory/stay apparatus Thoracic limb Lama glama
spellingShingle	Digital flexor muscles Suspensory/stay apparatus Thoracic limb Lama glama Constantinescu,Gheorghe Mircea Reed,Shannon Kelly Constantinescu,Ileana Anghelina The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb
description	The digital flexor muscles of the thoracic limb of four llamas were dissected and illustrated to provide data about the suspensory (support) apparatus and weight bearing structures. An extensive literature search was performed and yielded incomplete information about these anatomical structures. The popularity of the llama world wide as a domesticated animal used for show and fiber has increased in the recent years. It is helpful to describe the anatomy fully to aid in understanding of the species and treatment of pathologic conditions. The description of the anatomical structures and the original illustrations demónstrate genuine peculiarities and differences between the llama and domestic ruminants. In llamas, the three heads of the deep digital flexor muscle (DDF) originate and connect with each other in a very peculiar combination, with one tendon receiving an attachment from the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle (FCU). The superficial digital flexor muscle (SDF) has a thin tendon which is fused with the palmar fascia and then broadens. There are no interflexor muscles. Additionally, unexpected lumbricalis muscles are found in the distal limb and vary in number between the fore and hind limb. The anatomy of the suspensory apparatus in the thoracic limb is evaluated in this paper.
author	Constantinescu,Gheorghe Mircea Reed,Shannon Kelly Constantinescu,Ileana Anghelina
author_facet	Constantinescu,Gheorghe Mircea Reed,Shannon Kelly Constantinescu,Ileana Anghelina
author_sort	Constantinescu,Gheorghe Mircea
title	The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb
title_short	The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb
title_full	The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb
title_fullStr	The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb
title_full_unstemmed	The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb
title_sort	suspensory apparatus and digital flexor muscles of the llama (lama glama) 1: the thoracic limb
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2008
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022008000300006
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The Suspensory Apparatus and Digital Flexor Muscles of the Llama (Lama glama) 1: The Thoracic Limb

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