Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)

This study describes gross, microscopic and muscle fiber anatomy of the esophagus of the llama, Lama glama. The esophagus was studied grossly in twenty-five adult llamas and a subset of ten with normal esophageal physiology was used for the microanatomic studies. Esophageal length was 122 ± 7 cm wit...

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Autores principales:	Sukon,Peerapol, Timm,Karen I, Valentine,Beth A
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2009
Materias:	Llama Esophagus Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Muscle fiber type
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022009000300028
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220090003000282010-04-05Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)Sukon,PeerapolTimm,Karen IValentine,Beth A Llama Esophagus Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Muscle fiber type This study describes gross, microscopic and muscle fiber anatomy of the esophagus of the llama, Lama glama. The esophagus was studied grossly in twenty-five adult llamas and a subset of ten with normal esophageal physiology was used for the microanatomic studies. Esophageal length was 122 ± 7 cm with two-thirds of the length in the neck and the remainder in the thorax, consistent with the long neck of the llama. Esophageal diameter increased steadily from 2.5 ± 0.3 cm in the cranial cervical region to 3.9 ± 0.8 cm in the caudal thoracic region. The mucosal epithelium was keratinized stratified squamous and there were abundant submucosal glands throughout the esophagus. The entire muscularis of the esophagus was striated muscle in two general layers but also with a somewhat random orientation of fibers. The tunica muscularis steadily increased in thickness from 3.43 ± 0.30 mm in the cranial cervical region to 4.39 ± 0.39 mm in the middle thoracic region. In the llama Type 2 muscle fibers predominated in the esophageal musculature, with the percentage of Type 1 fibers increasing from 1% cranially to 33% in the caudal thoracic region of the esophagus. This study of the normal llama esophagus enhances our knowledge of this species and provides the basis for future study of pathological conditions of the esophagus.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.27 n.3 20092009-09-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022009000300028en10.4067/S0717-95022009000300028
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Llama Esophagus Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Muscle fiber type
spellingShingle	Llama Esophagus Gross anatomy Microscopic anatomy Muscle fiber type Sukon,Peerapol Timm,Karen I Valentine,Beth A Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)
description	This study describes gross, microscopic and muscle fiber anatomy of the esophagus of the llama, Lama glama. The esophagus was studied grossly in twenty-five adult llamas and a subset of ten with normal esophageal physiology was used for the microanatomic studies. Esophageal length was 122 ± 7 cm with two-thirds of the length in the neck and the remainder in the thorax, consistent with the long neck of the llama. Esophageal diameter increased steadily from 2.5 ± 0.3 cm in the cranial cervical region to 3.9 ± 0.8 cm in the caudal thoracic region. The mucosal epithelium was keratinized stratified squamous and there were abundant submucosal glands throughout the esophagus. The entire muscularis of the esophagus was striated muscle in two general layers but also with a somewhat random orientation of fibers. The tunica muscularis steadily increased in thickness from 3.43 ± 0.30 mm in the cranial cervical region to 4.39 ± 0.39 mm in the middle thoracic region. In the llama Type 2 muscle fibers predominated in the esophageal musculature, with the percentage of Type 1 fibers increasing from 1% cranially to 33% in the caudal thoracic region of the esophagus. This study of the normal llama esophagus enhances our knowledge of this species and provides the basis for future study of pathological conditions of the esophagus.
author	Sukon,Peerapol Timm,Karen I Valentine,Beth A
author_facet	Sukon,Peerapol Timm,Karen I Valentine,Beth A
author_sort	Sukon,Peerapol
title	Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)
title_short	Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)
title_full	Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)
title_fullStr	Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)
title_full_unstemmed	Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)
title_sort	esophageal anatomy of the llama (lama glama)
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2009
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022009000300028
work_keys_str_mv	AT sukonpeerapol esophagealanatomyofthellamalamaglama AT timmkareni esophagealanatomyofthellamalamaglama AT valentinebetha esophagealanatomyofthellamalamaglama
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Esophageal Anatomy of the Llama (Lama glama)

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