The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study

The cardiac plexus is formed by sympathetic nerves originating from the superior, middle, inferior cervical or cervicothoracic ganglia as well as from the first to the fifth thoracic ganglia. Furthermore, the vagus nerve and its counterpart, the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply the cardiac plexus wi...

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Autores principales:	De Gama,B. Z, Lazarus,L, Partab,P, Satyapal,K. S
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2012
Materias:	Cardiac plexus Sympathetic Parasympathetic Vagus nerve Superficial cardiac plexus Deep cardiac plexus
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022012000400048
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220120004000482013-06-20The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal StudyDe Gama,B. ZLazarus,LPartab,PSatyapal,K. S Cardiac plexus Sympathetic Parasympathetic Vagus nerve Superficial cardiac plexus Deep cardiac plexus The cardiac plexus is formed by sympathetic nerves originating from the superior, middle, inferior cervical or cervicothoracic ganglia as well as from the first to the fifth thoracic ganglia. Furthermore, the vagus nerve and its counterpart, the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply the cardiac plexus with parasympathetic cardiac nerves. This investigation aimed to review and record the medial contributions of the cervical ganglia, first to fifth thoracic ganglia and medial contributions of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves to the cardiac plexus. The study involved bilateral micro-dissection of forty cadaveric fetal specimens (n=80). The origins of sympathetic contributions to the cardiac plexus were described as either ganglionic, inter-ganglionic or from both the ganglion and the inter-ganglionic sympathetic chain. The number of cervical sympathetic ganglia varied from two to five in this study; the superior cervical ganglion was constant while the middle cervical, vertebral, inferior cervical or cervicothoracic ganglia were variable. The prevalence of cardiac nerves were as follows: superior cervical cardiac nerve (95%); middle cervical cardiac nerve (73%); vertebral cardiac nerve (41%); inferior cervical cardiac nerve (21%) and cervicothoracic cardiac nerve (24%). This investigation records the thoracic caudal limit of the thoracic sympathetic contributions to the cardiac plexus as the T5 ganglion. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding the medial sympathetic contributions and their variations to the cardiac plexus as this may assist surgeons during minimal access surgical procedures, sympathectomies, pericardiectomies and in the management of diseases like Raynaud's Phenomenon and angina pectoris.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.30 n.4 20122012-12-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022012000400048en10.4067/S0717-95022012000400048
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Cardiac plexus Sympathetic Parasympathetic Vagus nerve Superficial cardiac plexus Deep cardiac plexus
spellingShingle	Cardiac plexus Sympathetic Parasympathetic Vagus nerve Superficial cardiac plexus Deep cardiac plexus De Gama,B. Z Lazarus,L Partab,P Satyapal,K. S The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study
description	The cardiac plexus is formed by sympathetic nerves originating from the superior, middle, inferior cervical or cervicothoracic ganglia as well as from the first to the fifth thoracic ganglia. Furthermore, the vagus nerve and its counterpart, the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply the cardiac plexus with parasympathetic cardiac nerves. This investigation aimed to review and record the medial contributions of the cervical ganglia, first to fifth thoracic ganglia and medial contributions of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves to the cardiac plexus. The study involved bilateral micro-dissection of forty cadaveric fetal specimens (n=80). The origins of sympathetic contributions to the cardiac plexus were described as either ganglionic, inter-ganglionic or from both the ganglion and the inter-ganglionic sympathetic chain. The number of cervical sympathetic ganglia varied from two to five in this study; the superior cervical ganglion was constant while the middle cervical, vertebral, inferior cervical or cervicothoracic ganglia were variable. The prevalence of cardiac nerves were as follows: superior cervical cardiac nerve (95%); middle cervical cardiac nerve (73%); vertebral cardiac nerve (41%); inferior cervical cardiac nerve (21%) and cervicothoracic cardiac nerve (24%). This investigation records the thoracic caudal limit of the thoracic sympathetic contributions to the cardiac plexus as the T5 ganglion. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding the medial sympathetic contributions and their variations to the cardiac plexus as this may assist surgeons during minimal access surgical procedures, sympathectomies, pericardiectomies and in the management of diseases like Raynaud's Phenomenon and angina pectoris.
author	De Gama,B. Z Lazarus,L Partab,P Satyapal,K. S
author_facet	De Gama,B. Z Lazarus,L Partab,P Satyapal,K. S
author_sort	De Gama,B. Z
title	The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study
title_short	The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study
title_full	The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study
title_fullStr	The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study
title_full_unstemmed	The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study
title_sort	sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to the cardiac plexus: a fetal study
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2012
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022012000400048
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The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Contributions to the Cardiac Plexus: a Fetal Study

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