The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone

Morphological variation is a result of interplay among multiple intervening factors. For hyoid bones, the shape and size differences have been scarcely covered in the literature and in majority limited to studies of sexual dimorphism or age dependency. To our knowledge, the human hyoid bone, in comp...

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Autores principales:	Urbanová,Petra, Hejna,Petr, Zátopková,Lenka, Safr,Miroslav
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2014
Materias:	Hyoid bone Asymmetry Modularity Geometric morphometrics
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000100042
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220140001000422015-11-13The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid BoneUrbanová,PetraHejna,PetrZátopková,LenkaSafr,Miroslav Hyoid bone Asymmetry Modularity Geometric morphometrics Morphological variation is a result of interplay among multiple intervening factors. For hyoid bones, the shape and size differences have been scarcely covered in the literature and in majority limited to studies of sexual dimorphism or age dependency. To our knowledge, the human hyoid bone, in complete opposite to other cranial bones, has not been fully utilized to address development questions in terms of asymmetry or modularity. In the present paper, we used landmark-based methods of geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical approach to study human hyoid morphology represented by the hyoid body and greater horns in a sample of 211 fused and non-fused bones. Within a sample variation analysis, we showed that the hyoid bone is, by nature, asymmetrical bone which exhibits both directional and fluctuating types of asymmetry and is composed of well-integrated anatomical elements for which the biomechanical load of attached muscles is the most determining factor of variation. Yet, the covariance and evidence of unequal amount of fluctuating asymmetry among modules suggests a certain degree of independence during early stages of development.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.32 n.1 20142014-03-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000100042en10.4067/S0717-95022014000100042
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Hyoid bone Asymmetry Modularity Geometric morphometrics
spellingShingle	Hyoid bone Asymmetry Modularity Geometric morphometrics Urbanová,Petra Hejna,Petr Zátopková,Lenka Safr,Miroslav The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone
description	Morphological variation is a result of interplay among multiple intervening factors. For hyoid bones, the shape and size differences have been scarcely covered in the literature and in majority limited to studies of sexual dimorphism or age dependency. To our knowledge, the human hyoid bone, in complete opposite to other cranial bones, has not been fully utilized to address development questions in terms of asymmetry or modularity. In the present paper, we used landmark-based methods of geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical approach to study human hyoid morphology represented by the hyoid body and greater horns in a sample of 211 fused and non-fused bones. Within a sample variation analysis, we showed that the hyoid bone is, by nature, asymmetrical bone which exhibits both directional and fluctuating types of asymmetry and is composed of well-integrated anatomical elements for which the biomechanical load of attached muscles is the most determining factor of variation. Yet, the covariance and evidence of unequal amount of fluctuating asymmetry among modules suggests a certain degree of independence during early stages of development.
author	Urbanová,Petra Hejna,Petr Zátopková,Lenka Safr,Miroslav
author_facet	Urbanová,Petra Hejna,Petr Zátopková,Lenka Safr,Miroslav
author_sort	Urbanová,Petra
title	The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone
title_short	The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone
title_full	The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone
title_fullStr	The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone
title_full_unstemmed	The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone
title_sort	asymmetry and modularity of the hyoid bone
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2014
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000100042
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The Asymmetry and Modularity of the Hyoid Bone

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