Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars

Information regarding the anatomy of the physiological apical foramen is limited. Knowing its diameter and shapes contributes to clinical work, specifically to the cleaning and shaping of the apical third. The aim of this ex vivo study was to determine the minimum and maximum diameters and shape of...

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Autores principales:	Abarca,J, Zaror,C, Monardes,H, Hermosilla,V, Muñoz,C, Cantin,M
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2014
Materias:	Physiological Foramen Apical constriction Root apex Apical diameter Foraminal morphology Permanent first molar
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000200048
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220140002000482015-11-16Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First MolarsAbarca,JZaror,CMonardes,HHermosilla,VMuñoz,CCantin,M Physiological Foramen Apical constriction Root apex Apical diameter Foraminal morphology Permanent first molar Information regarding the anatomy of the physiological apical foramen is limited. Knowing its diameter and shapes contributes to clinical work, specifically to the cleaning and shaping of the apical third. The aim of this ex vivo study was to determine the minimum and maximum diameters and shape of the physiological apical foramen in the roots of maxillary and mandibular first molars. A descriptive study was conducted on 89 recently extracted first molars. Roots 3-5 mm from the apex were sectioned and prepared for analysis at 40x magnification. The minimum and maximum diameters of each physiological foramen were measured using the program Motic Images plus 2.0 ML. The shape of the foramina, classified as round, oval or irregular, was determined by the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters. A total of 174 physiological foramina were analyzed. The average of the minimum and maximum diameters was between 0.24-0.33 mm in maxillary first molars and between 0.25-0.33 mm in mandibular first molars. In maxillary molars, the most common shape of the foramen was oval (50%), then irregular (32%), then round (18%). In mandibular molars, the oval shape was also the most frequent (59%), followed by irregular (23%) and round (18%). The findings of this study regarding the morphology of physiological apical foramina in first molars make it easier for the operator to choose the appropriately-sized instruments to perform endodontic therapy successfully.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.32 n.2 20142014-06-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000200048en10.4067/S0717-95022014000200048
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Physiological Foramen Apical constriction Root apex Apical diameter Foraminal morphology Permanent first molar
spellingShingle	Physiological Foramen Apical constriction Root apex Apical diameter Foraminal morphology Permanent first molar Abarca,J Zaror,C Monardes,H Hermosilla,V Muñoz,C Cantin,M Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars
description	Information regarding the anatomy of the physiological apical foramen is limited. Knowing its diameter and shapes contributes to clinical work, specifically to the cleaning and shaping of the apical third. The aim of this ex vivo study was to determine the minimum and maximum diameters and shape of the physiological apical foramen in the roots of maxillary and mandibular first molars. A descriptive study was conducted on 89 recently extracted first molars. Roots 3-5 mm from the apex were sectioned and prepared for analysis at 40x magnification. The minimum and maximum diameters of each physiological foramen were measured using the program Motic Images plus 2.0 ML. The shape of the foramina, classified as round, oval or irregular, was determined by the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters. A total of 174 physiological foramina were analyzed. The average of the minimum and maximum diameters was between 0.24-0.33 mm in maxillary first molars and between 0.25-0.33 mm in mandibular first molars. In maxillary molars, the most common shape of the foramen was oval (50%), then irregular (32%), then round (18%). In mandibular molars, the oval shape was also the most frequent (59%), followed by irregular (23%) and round (18%). The findings of this study regarding the morphology of physiological apical foramina in first molars make it easier for the operator to choose the appropriately-sized instruments to perform endodontic therapy successfully.
author	Abarca,J Zaror,C Monardes,H Hermosilla,V Muñoz,C Cantin,M
author_facet	Abarca,J Zaror,C Monardes,H Hermosilla,V Muñoz,C Cantin,M
author_sort	Abarca,J
title	Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars
title_short	Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars
title_full	Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars
title_fullStr	Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars
title_full_unstemmed	Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars
title_sort	morphology of the physiological apical foramen in maxillary and mandibular first molars
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2014
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022014000200048
work_keys_str_mv	AT abarcaj morphologyofthephysiologicalapicalforameninmaxillaryandmandibularfirstmolars AT zarorc morphologyofthephysiologicalapicalforameninmaxillaryandmandibularfirstmolars AT monardesh morphologyofthephysiologicalapicalforameninmaxillaryandmandibularfirstmolars AT hermosillav morphologyofthephysiologicalapicalforameninmaxillaryandmandibularfirstmolars AT munozc morphologyofthephysiologicalapicalforameninmaxillaryandmandibularfirstmolars AT cantinm morphologyofthephysiologicalapicalforameninmaxillaryandmandibularfirstmolars
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Morphology of the Physiological Apical Foramen in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars

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