Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses

SUMMARY: The suprarenal glands are bilaterally supplied by three suprarenal arteries and drained by a single suprarenal vein. Variable vascular origins of the fetal suprarenal gland have been documented in different population groups viz. Indian, Polish and Argentinian. However, there is lack of a d...

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Autores principales:	Greeff,B, Pillay,P, De-Gama,B. Z, Satyapal,K. S
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2019
Materias:	Suprarenal gland Artery Vein Fetus Variations
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022019000301023
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220190003010232019-09-11Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in FetusesGreeff,BPillay,PDe-Gama,B. ZSatyapal,K. S Suprarenal gland Artery Vein Fetus Variations SUMMARY: The suprarenal glands are bilaterally supplied by three suprarenal arteries and drained by a single suprarenal vein. Variable vascular origins of the fetal suprarenal gland have been documented in different population groups viz. Indian, Polish and Argentinian. However, there is lack of a detailed description regarding the course, relations, number of branches and vertebral levels of the origins of the vasculature of the suprarenal glands in fetuses. This study aimed to identify and document the vascular supply of the suprarenal glands in fetuses in a South African setting. Fifty fetal specimens (26 males; 24 females) with a gestational age ranging between 12 and 20 weeks, were bilaterally micro-dissected (n=100) using a Zeiss Stemi DV4 microscope. Data was recorded and the frequencies of the origin, course, relations, number of branches and vertebral levels of the suprarenal vascular supply were determined. Arterial supply: Origin: (i) The superior suprarenal artery (SSA) bilaterally arose from the inferior phrenic arteries in 98 % of the fetuses; (ii) the middle suprarenal artery (MSA) frequently arose from the renal artery (RA) on the right side (46 %) and the abdominal aorta on the left side (34 %); while (iii) the inferior suprarenal artery (ISA) predominantly arose from the RA in 91 % of the specimens, bilaterally. Course and relations: The suprarenal arteries followed a superior, inferior, lateral, supero-lateral and infero-lateral course to the gland. These arteries were closely related to the crura of the diaphragm, the inferior vena cava, the left inferior phrenic vein and the pancreas. Number of branches: The branches ranged from one to seven for the SSA, one to four for the MSA and one to three for the ISA. Vertebral levels: The SSA predominantly arose from the first lumbar (L1) vertebral body (32 %), the MSA arose from the middle third of the intervertebral disc between the L1 and the second lumbar (L2) vertebrae (19 %) and the ISA arose from the L2 vertebral body (28 %). Venous drainage: In 1 % of the specimens, an additional right suprarenal vein (ARSV) was observed. This ARSV followed a superomedial course into the inferior vena cava, just below the entrance of the main right suprarenal vein. The arteries supplying the suprarenal gland presented varying origins and number of branches, corroborating with the reviewed literature and standard anatomical textbooks. The findings of this study may aid pediatric surgeons in understanding the vascular morphology (and the variations thereof) of the suprarenal gland, when performing adrenelectomy surgery in neonates.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.37 n.3 20192019-09-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022019000301023en10.4067/S0717-95022019000301023
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Suprarenal gland Artery Vein Fetus Variations
spellingShingle	Suprarenal gland Artery Vein Fetus Variations Greeff,B Pillay,P De-Gama,B. Z Satyapal,K. S Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses
description	SUMMARY: The suprarenal glands are bilaterally supplied by three suprarenal arteries and drained by a single suprarenal vein. Variable vascular origins of the fetal suprarenal gland have been documented in different population groups viz. Indian, Polish and Argentinian. However, there is lack of a detailed description regarding the course, relations, number of branches and vertebral levels of the origins of the vasculature of the suprarenal glands in fetuses. This study aimed to identify and document the vascular supply of the suprarenal glands in fetuses in a South African setting. Fifty fetal specimens (26 males; 24 females) with a gestational age ranging between 12 and 20 weeks, were bilaterally micro-dissected (n=100) using a Zeiss Stemi DV4 microscope. Data was recorded and the frequencies of the origin, course, relations, number of branches and vertebral levels of the suprarenal vascular supply were determined. Arterial supply: Origin: (i) The superior suprarenal artery (SSA) bilaterally arose from the inferior phrenic arteries in 98 % of the fetuses; (ii) the middle suprarenal artery (MSA) frequently arose from the renal artery (RA) on the right side (46 %) and the abdominal aorta on the left side (34 %); while (iii) the inferior suprarenal artery (ISA) predominantly arose from the RA in 91 % of the specimens, bilaterally. Course and relations: The suprarenal arteries followed a superior, inferior, lateral, supero-lateral and infero-lateral course to the gland. These arteries were closely related to the crura of the diaphragm, the inferior vena cava, the left inferior phrenic vein and the pancreas. Number of branches: The branches ranged from one to seven for the SSA, one to four for the MSA and one to three for the ISA. Vertebral levels: The SSA predominantly arose from the first lumbar (L1) vertebral body (32 %), the MSA arose from the middle third of the intervertebral disc between the L1 and the second lumbar (L2) vertebrae (19 %) and the ISA arose from the L2 vertebral body (28 %). Venous drainage: In 1 % of the specimens, an additional right suprarenal vein (ARSV) was observed. This ARSV followed a superomedial course into the inferior vena cava, just below the entrance of the main right suprarenal vein. The arteries supplying the suprarenal gland presented varying origins and number of branches, corroborating with the reviewed literature and standard anatomical textbooks. The findings of this study may aid pediatric surgeons in understanding the vascular morphology (and the variations thereof) of the suprarenal gland, when performing adrenelectomy surgery in neonates.
author	Greeff,B Pillay,P De-Gama,B. Z Satyapal,K. S
author_facet	Greeff,B Pillay,P De-Gama,B. Z Satyapal,K. S
author_sort	Greeff,B
title	Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses
title_short	Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses
title_full	Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses
title_fullStr	Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses
title_full_unstemmed	Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses
title_sort	anatomical investigation of the vascular supply of the suprarenal glands in fetuses
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2019
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022019000301023
work_keys_str_mv	AT greeffb anatomicalinvestigationofthevascularsupplyofthesuprarenalglandsinfetuses AT pillayp anatomicalinvestigationofthevascularsupplyofthesuprarenalglandsinfetuses AT degamabz anatomicalinvestigationofthevascularsupplyofthesuprarenalglandsinfetuses AT satyapalks anatomicalinvestigationofthevascularsupplyofthesuprarenalglandsinfetuses
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Anatomical Investigation of the Vascular Supply of the Suprarenal Glands in Fetuses

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