Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function

SUMMARY: The myodural bridge (MDB) is confirmed that connecting the most of suboccipital muscles to the cervical dura mater through the posterior intervertebral spaces and widely exists in mammals and birds. In order to reveal whether the MDB is universally existing in amniota of vertebrates, we exp...

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Autores principales:	Huangfu,Zhao, Zhang,Xiao, Sui,Jia-Ying, Zhao,Qi-Qi, Yuan,Xiao-Ying, Li,Chan, Dou,Ya-Ru, Tang,Wei, Du,Mei-Ling, Zheng,Nan, Chi,Yan-Yan, Yu,Sheng-Bo, Sui,Hong-Jin
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2019
Materias:	Myodural bridge Trachemys scripta elegans Amniota Evolutionary conservation
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022019000401353
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220190004013532019-09-11Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological FunctionHuangfu,ZhaoZhang,XiaoSui,Jia-YingZhao,Qi-QiYuan,Xiao-YingLi,ChanDou,Ya-RuTang,WeiDu,Mei-LingZheng,NanChi,Yan-YanYu,Sheng-BoSui,Hong-Jin Myodural bridge Trachemys scripta elegans Amniota Evolutionary conservation SUMMARY: The myodural bridge (MDB) is confirmed that connecting the most of suboccipital muscles to the cervical dura mater through the posterior intervertebral spaces and widely exists in mammals and birds. In order to reveal whether the MDB is universally existing in amniota of vertebrates, we explored the existence and the morphological features of the MDB in the Trachemys scripta elegans. Twenty fresh red-eared slider specimens were observed by the gross anatomy dissection and histological analysis. In the results, three kind of muscles in the postoccipital region of the red-eared slider were found. The rectus capitis dorsum minor muscle originated from the posterior margin of the occiput (C0) and terminated at the spinous process of the atlas (C1). The transversospinales muscle was attached to the vertebral arch and the postzygapophysis of the atlas and extended to the spinous process of the axis (C2). The C2-C3 intertransversales muscle were extended from the postzygapophysis of C2 and the one of C3. The three muscles covered the dorsal interspaces among C0-C3, and meantime they were closely connected with dense connective tissues, which filled in these interspaces. Each of these thick dense connective tissue membranes sent off several short and strong fibrous bundles ventrally to merge with the cervical spinal dura mater. Furthermore the connective tissues connecting these muscles with cervical spinal dura mater directly were revealed under the microscopy and they consisted of parallel and intensive collagen fibers with orientation from dorsal to ventral. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrated the existence of the MDB in the testudines, in all of the dorsal atlantooccipital, atlantoaxial and C2-C3 intervertebral spaces. Based on our results and comparative anatomical evidences in recent year, it could be inferred that the MDB might be its highly conserved structure in the evolution of amniota.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.37 n.4 20192019-12-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022019000401353en10.4067/S0717-95022019000401353
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Myodural bridge Trachemys scripta elegans Amniota Evolutionary conservation
spellingShingle	Myodural bridge Trachemys scripta elegans Amniota Evolutionary conservation Huangfu,Zhao Zhang,Xiao Sui,Jia-Ying Zhao,Qi-Qi Yuan,Xiao-Ying Li,Chan Dou,Ya-Ru Tang,Wei Du,Mei-Ling Zheng,Nan Chi,Yan-Yan Yu,Sheng-Bo Sui,Hong-Jin Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function
description	SUMMARY: The myodural bridge (MDB) is confirmed that connecting the most of suboccipital muscles to the cervical dura mater through the posterior intervertebral spaces and widely exists in mammals and birds. In order to reveal whether the MDB is universally existing in amniota of vertebrates, we explored the existence and the morphological features of the MDB in the Trachemys scripta elegans. Twenty fresh red-eared slider specimens were observed by the gross anatomy dissection and histological analysis. In the results, three kind of muscles in the postoccipital region of the red-eared slider were found. The rectus capitis dorsum minor muscle originated from the posterior margin of the occiput (C0) and terminated at the spinous process of the atlas (C1). The transversospinales muscle was attached to the vertebral arch and the postzygapophysis of the atlas and extended to the spinous process of the axis (C2). The C2-C3 intertransversales muscle were extended from the postzygapophysis of C2 and the one of C3. The three muscles covered the dorsal interspaces among C0-C3, and meantime they were closely connected with dense connective tissues, which filled in these interspaces. Each of these thick dense connective tissue membranes sent off several short and strong fibrous bundles ventrally to merge with the cervical spinal dura mater. Furthermore the connective tissues connecting these muscles with cervical spinal dura mater directly were revealed under the microscopy and they consisted of parallel and intensive collagen fibers with orientation from dorsal to ventral. In conclusion, this study for the first time demonstrated the existence of the MDB in the testudines, in all of the dorsal atlantooccipital, atlantoaxial and C2-C3 intervertebral spaces. Based on our results and comparative anatomical evidences in recent year, it could be inferred that the MDB might be its highly conserved structure in the evolution of amniota.
author	Huangfu,Zhao Zhang,Xiao Sui,Jia-Ying Zhao,Qi-Qi Yuan,Xiao-Ying Li,Chan Dou,Ya-Ru Tang,Wei Du,Mei-Ling Zheng,Nan Chi,Yan-Yan Yu,Sheng-Bo Sui,Hong-Jin
author_facet	Huangfu,Zhao Zhang,Xiao Sui,Jia-Ying Zhao,Qi-Qi Yuan,Xiao-Ying Li,Chan Dou,Ya-Ru Tang,Wei Du,Mei-Ling Zheng,Nan Chi,Yan-Yan Yu,Sheng-Bo Sui,Hong-Jin
author_sort	Huangfu,Zhao
title	Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function
title_short	Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function
title_full	Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function
title_fullStr	Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function
title_full_unstemmed	Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function
title_sort	existence of myodural bridge in the trachemys scripta elegans: indication of its important physiological function
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2019
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022019000401353
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Existence of Myodural Bridge in the Trachemys scripta elegans: Indication of its Important Physiological Function

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