Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls

SUMMARY: The skull is a reliable structure for determining the sex of an adult individual; it is generally resistant in adverse conditions, allowing it to be used for the analysis of sexual dimorphism. In the present study we analysed 10 non-metric characteristics of skulls of Brazilian adult indivi...

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Autores principales:	Alves,Nilton, Deana,Naira Figueiredo, González,Javier, Hernández,Pamela, Ceballos,Francisco
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2020
Materias:	Sex determination Morphological characteristics Macerated skulls Brazilians
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000400815
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220200004008152020-09-08Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated SkullsAlves,NiltonDeana,Naira FigueiredoGonzález,JavierHernández,PamelaCeballos,Francisco Sex determination Morphological characteristics Macerated skulls Brazilians SUMMARY: The skull is a reliable structure for determining the sex of an adult individual; it is generally resistant in adverse conditions, allowing it to be used for the analysis of sexual dimorphism. In the present study we analysed 10 non-metric characteristics of skulls of Brazilian adult individuals in order to: Determine the strength of association between sex and the morphological characteristics of the skull, the morphological characteristic(s) with greatest diagnostic influence for sex, and analyse whether the morphological characteristics of the skull predict sex. The study included 179 macerated skulls of Brazilian adults, (69 female, 110 male). The sex of all the skulls included was identified. The investigators were calibrated prior to analysis and all the evaluations were carried out under blinding. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used. The sensitivity and specificity were analysed and a ROC curve was constructed. Binary logistic regression was carried out. The SPSS v.22 software was used, with a significance threshold of 5 %. All the characteristics analysed presented statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The frontal profile, the superciliary arch and the glabella presented the greatest sensitivity, best balance between sensitivity and specificity and greatest area under curve. The regression model with the frontal profile, superciliary arch and mastoid process was significant [X2(2) = 115,728 p=0.000, R2 Negelkerke=0.657], and presented correct sex classification in 90 % of cases (Males: 87.4 %; Females: 83.1 %). In unknown individuals for whom the skull is present, non-metric analysis of the frontal profile, superciliary arch, mastoid process and glabella can be used as instruments for sex identification.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.38 n.4 20202020-08-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000400815en10.4067/S0717-95022020000400815
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Sex determination Morphological characteristics Macerated skulls Brazilians
spellingShingle	Sex determination Morphological characteristics Macerated skulls Brazilians Alves,Nilton Deana,Naira Figueiredo González,Javier Hernández,Pamela Ceballos,Francisco Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls
description	SUMMARY: The skull is a reliable structure for determining the sex of an adult individual; it is generally resistant in adverse conditions, allowing it to be used for the analysis of sexual dimorphism. In the present study we analysed 10 non-metric characteristics of skulls of Brazilian adult individuals in order to: Determine the strength of association between sex and the morphological characteristics of the skull, the morphological characteristic(s) with greatest diagnostic influence for sex, and analyse whether the morphological characteristics of the skull predict sex. The study included 179 macerated skulls of Brazilian adults, (69 female, 110 male). The sex of all the skulls included was identified. The investigators were calibrated prior to analysis and all the evaluations were carried out under blinding. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used. The sensitivity and specificity were analysed and a ROC curve was constructed. Binary logistic regression was carried out. The SPSS v.22 software was used, with a significance threshold of 5 %. All the characteristics analysed presented statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The frontal profile, the superciliary arch and the glabella presented the greatest sensitivity, best balance between sensitivity and specificity and greatest area under curve. The regression model with the frontal profile, superciliary arch and mastoid process was significant [X2(2) = 115,728 p=0.000, R2 Negelkerke=0.657], and presented correct sex classification in 90 % of cases (Males: 87.4 %; Females: 83.1 %). In unknown individuals for whom the skull is present, non-metric analysis of the frontal profile, superciliary arch, mastoid process and glabella can be used as instruments for sex identification.
author	Alves,Nilton Deana,Naira Figueiredo González,Javier Hernández,Pamela Ceballos,Francisco
author_facet	Alves,Nilton Deana,Naira Figueiredo González,Javier Hernández,Pamela Ceballos,Francisco
author_sort	Alves,Nilton
title	Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls
title_short	Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls
title_full	Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls
title_fullStr	Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls
title_full_unstemmed	Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls
title_sort	sex prediction by analysis of the morphological characteristics of macerated skulls
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2020
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000400815
work_keys_str_mv	AT alvesnilton sexpredictionbyanalysisofthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofmaceratedskulls AT deananairafigueiredo sexpredictionbyanalysisofthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofmaceratedskulls AT gonzalezjavier sexpredictionbyanalysisofthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofmaceratedskulls AT hernandezpamela sexpredictionbyanalysisofthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofmaceratedskulls AT ceballosfrancisco sexpredictionbyanalysisofthemorphologicalcharacteristicsofmaceratedskulls
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Sex Prediction by Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of Macerated Skulls

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