Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis

SUMMARY: Repeated stress is a risk factor for memory impairment and neurological abnormalities in both humans and animals. We sought to investigate the extent of (i) brain tissue injury; (ii) nitrosative and oxidative stress in brain tissue homogenates; (iii) apoptotic and survival biomarkers in bra...

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Autor principal:	Bin-Jaliah,Ismaeel
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía 2020
Materias:	Brain injury Chronic stress Apoptosis and survival Nitrosative and oxidative stress Rat model
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000501217
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0717-950220200005012172021-06-10Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and ApoptosisBin-Jaliah,Ismaeel Brain injury Chronic stress Apoptosis and survival Nitrosative and oxidative stress Rat model SUMMARY: Repeated stress is a risk factor for memory impairment and neurological abnormalities in both humans and animals. We sought to investigate the extent of (i) brain tissue injury; (ii) nitrosative and oxidative stress in brain tissue homogenates; (iii) apoptotic and survival biomarkers in brain tissue homogenates; and (iv) immobility and climbing abilities, induced over a period of three weeks by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Wistar rats were either left untreated (Control group) or exposed to a variety of unpredictable stressors daily before being sacrificed after 3 weeks (model group). Assessment of depression-like behavior was performed and animals were then culled and harvested brain tissues were stained with basic histological staining and examined under light microscopy. In addition, brain tissue homogenates were prepared and assayed for these parameters; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Histology images showed CUS induced profound damage to the cerebral cortex as demonstrated by severe neuronal damage with shrunken cells, disrupted atrophic nuclei, perineuronal vacuolation and swollen glial cells. CUS also significantly (p<0.05) induced iNOS, MDA, and caspase-3, whereas SOD and Bcl-2 brain tissue levels were inhibited by CUS. In addition, data from the depression-like behavior, forced swimming test showed significant (p<0.05) increase in animal immobility and decrease in climbing ability in the model group of rats. Thus, here we demonstrated a reliable rat model of chronic stress-induced brain injury, which can further be used to investigate beneficial drugs or agents used for a period of three weeks to protect against CUS-induced brain damage.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessSociedad Chilena de AnatomíaInternational Journal of Morphology v.38 n.5 20202020-10-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000501217en10.4067/S0717-95022020000501217
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Brain injury Chronic stress Apoptosis and survival Nitrosative and oxidative stress Rat model
spellingShingle	Brain injury Chronic stress Apoptosis and survival Nitrosative and oxidative stress Rat model Bin-Jaliah,Ismaeel Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis
description	SUMMARY: Repeated stress is a risk factor for memory impairment and neurological abnormalities in both humans and animals. We sought to investigate the extent of (i) brain tissue injury; (ii) nitrosative and oxidative stress in brain tissue homogenates; (iii) apoptotic and survival biomarkers in brain tissue homogenates; and (iv) immobility and climbing abilities, induced over a period of three weeks by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). Wistar rats were either left untreated (Control group) or exposed to a variety of unpredictable stressors daily before being sacrificed after 3 weeks (model group). Assessment of depression-like behavior was performed and animals were then culled and harvested brain tissues were stained with basic histological staining and examined under light microscopy. In addition, brain tissue homogenates were prepared and assayed for these parameters; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Histology images showed CUS induced profound damage to the cerebral cortex as demonstrated by severe neuronal damage with shrunken cells, disrupted atrophic nuclei, perineuronal vacuolation and swollen glial cells. CUS also significantly (p<0.05) induced iNOS, MDA, and caspase-3, whereas SOD and Bcl-2 brain tissue levels were inhibited by CUS. In addition, data from the depression-like behavior, forced swimming test showed significant (p<0.05) increase in animal immobility and decrease in climbing ability in the model group of rats. Thus, here we demonstrated a reliable rat model of chronic stress-induced brain injury, which can further be used to investigate beneficial drugs or agents used for a period of three weeks to protect against CUS-induced brain damage.
author	Bin-Jaliah,Ismaeel
author_facet	Bin-Jaliah,Ismaeel
author_sort	Bin-Jaliah,Ismaeel
title	Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis
title_short	Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis
title_full	Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis
title_fullStr	Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis
title_full_unstemmed	Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis
title_sort	induction of brain injury and depression in rats by chronic unpredictable stress associated with the augmentation of nitrosative stress and apoptosis
publisher	Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía
publishDate	2020
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-95022020000501217
work_keys_str_mv	AT binjaliahismaeel inductionofbraininjuryanddepressioninratsbychronicunpredictablestressassociatedwiththeaugmentationofnitrosativestressandapoptosis
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Induction of Brain Injury and Depression in Rats by Chronic Unpredictable Stress Associated with the Augmentation of Nitrosative Stress and Apoptosis

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