The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile

The powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) is one of the major factors limiting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Azapa Valley, Chile. This problem is especially severe in the case of protected crops because the options for the treatment of these crops with chemic...

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Autores principales:	Sepúlveda-Chavera,Germán, Salvatierra-Martínez,Ricardo, Andía-Guardia,Rodrigo
Lenguaje:	English
Publicado:	Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal 2013
Materias:	Alternative product conidial germination Ospo-V55® powdery mildew raw cow's milk severity tomato Valle de Azapa
Acceso en línea:	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202013000100010
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spelling	oai:scielo:S0718-162020130001000102014-09-08The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, ChileSepúlveda-Chavera,GermánSalvatierra-Martínez,RicardoAndía-Guardia,Rodrigo Alternative product conidial germination Ospo-V55® powdery mildew raw cow's milk severity tomato Valle de Azapa The powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) is one of the major factors limiting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Azapa Valley, Chile. This problem is especially severe in the case of protected crops because the options for the treatment of these crops with chemical fungicides are limited. This study evaluated the effects of 0.5 and 1.0 kg100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and 10% raw cow's milk on tomato leaflets infected by powdery mildew complex. Ospo-V55®, with active ingredients consisting of 10% p/p of algae extract (IB-101) and 0.8% of microorganism concentrate, was evaluated in this study. Ospo-V55® contains flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols, oligo- and polysaccharides, 8.6% protein, 0.5% magnesium and trace amounts of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Tacora Mas® (a mixture of 25% tebuconazole and 12.5% carbendazime) and Acoidal WG (wettable sulfur) were included for comparison with the Ospo-V55® and raw cow's milk treatments. A diagrammatic scale to assess the severity of the disease was validated and used to quantify the damage resulting from tomato powdery mildew and the effects of the treatments. The effect of the treatments on the germination of the conidia of L. taurica and Erysiphe sp. was also studied on water agar. Tacora Mas® provided the best control of powdery mildew in the field, followed by 1.0 kg100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and Acoidal. However, Ospo-V55® was more effective than Acoidal. All treatments, including raw cow's milk, significantly (P≤0.05) reduced disease severity in the leaf compared with the control. Both surfaces of the leaves were assessed, and better results were obtained on the upper surface. This difference was associated with differences in wetting. Acoidal was the most effective treatment for inhibiting conidia germination, decreasing germination more than 98.2%. This result differed significantly from the value of inhibition produced by Tacora Mas®. Ospo-V55® and raw cow's milk showed significant differences (P≤0.05) in conidial germination compared with the control. Based on these results, we conclude that Ospo-V55 and raw cow's milk can be used in an integrated management program as alternative treatments to control tomato powdery mildew complex.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería ForestalCiencia e investigación agraria v.40 n.1 20132013-04-01text/htmlhttp://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202013000100010en10.4067/S0718-16202013000100010
institution	Scielo Chile
collection	Scielo Chile
language	English
topic	Alternative product conidial germination Ospo-V55® powdery mildew raw cow's milk severity tomato Valle de Azapa
spellingShingle	Alternative product conidial germination Ospo-V55® powdery mildew raw cow's milk severity tomato Valle de Azapa Sepúlveda-Chavera,Germán Salvatierra-Martínez,Ricardo Andía-Guardia,Rodrigo The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile
description	The powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) is one of the major factors limiting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production in the Azapa Valley, Chile. This problem is especially severe in the case of protected crops because the options for the treatment of these crops with chemical fungicides are limited. This study evaluated the effects of 0.5 and 1.0 kg100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and 10% raw cow's milk on tomato leaflets infected by powdery mildew complex. Ospo-V55®, with active ingredients consisting of 10% p/p of algae extract (IB-101) and 0.8% of microorganism concentrate, was evaluated in this study. Ospo-V55® contains flavonoids, alkaloids and phenols, oligo- and polysaccharides, 8.6% protein, 0.5% magnesium and trace amounts of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. Tacora Mas® (a mixture of 25% tebuconazole and 12.5% carbendazime) and Acoidal WG (wettable sulfur) were included for comparison with the Ospo-V55® and raw cow's milk treatments. A diagrammatic scale to assess the severity of the disease was validated and used to quantify the damage resulting from tomato powdery mildew and the effects of the treatments. The effect of the treatments on the germination of the conidia of L. taurica and Erysiphe sp. was also studied on water agar. Tacora Mas® provided the best control of powdery mildew in the field, followed by 1.0 kg100 L-1 Ospo-V55® and Acoidal. However, Ospo-V55® was more effective than Acoidal. All treatments, including raw cow's milk, significantly (P≤0.05) reduced disease severity in the leaf compared with the control. Both surfaces of the leaves were assessed, and better results were obtained on the upper surface. This difference was associated with differences in wetting. Acoidal was the most effective treatment for inhibiting conidia germination, decreasing germination more than 98.2%. This result differed significantly from the value of inhibition produced by Tacora Mas®. Ospo-V55® and raw cow's milk showed significant differences (P≤0.05) in conidial germination compared with the control. Based on these results, we conclude that Ospo-V55 and raw cow's milk can be used in an integrated management program as alternative treatments to control tomato powdery mildew complex.
author	Sepúlveda-Chavera,Germán Salvatierra-Martínez,Ricardo Andía-Guardia,Rodrigo
author_facet	Sepúlveda-Chavera,Germán Salvatierra-Martínez,Ricardo Andía-Guardia,Rodrigo
author_sort	Sepúlveda-Chavera,Germán
title	The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile
title_short	The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile
title_full	The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile
title_fullStr	The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile
title_full_unstemmed	The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile
title_sort	alternative control of powdery mildew complex (leveillula taurica and erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the azapa valley, chile
publisher	Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal
publishDate	2013
url	http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-16202013000100010
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The alternative control of powdery mildew complex (Leveillula taurica and Erysiphe sp.) in tomato in the Azapa Valley, Chile

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